Effects of Slavery Essay

Frederick Douglass and Harriet Jacobson both write their compelling stories on what life was like as slaves during 19th century America. Both narratives define the harsh life of slavery and the unforgiving effects that occurred during their time as slaves. In the same way, both stories reveal the theme of the evils of slavery but also given their different gender roles, their experiences are completely different from one another. While both Frederick Douglass and Harriet Jacobson’s Narratives undergo the corrupt power of slavery in 19th century America and were able to escape, the role of gender in society largely acts as a variance within these two stories. Both Frederick and Jacobs were born into slavery; Frederick’s father most likely being his master, and Jacobs being lucky enough to have both of her parents. Though Jacobs had a safe and guarded childhood, after her parents died she began to see the cruelness of slavery. Frederick learns the evils of slavery earlier on in his life when he witnesses his aunt being horribly beaten by his slave owner. (Notes, 2013) Both characters express their deep hatred for slavery through their narrative themes. In Jacob’s narrative she argues that slavery destroys the standards of slave holders, practically without exception. Jacob describes her feeling when she realizes Dr. Flint has total control over her, â€Å"When he told me that I was made for his use, made to obey his command in everything; that I was nothing but a slave, whose will must and should surrender to his, never before had my puny arm felt half so strong.† (Jacobs, Life as a Slave Girl, IV) Through this, she feels empowered to rebel against him in acts that later shape her life. Jacobs has a strong hatred to slavery that she shows through her rebelliousness and the chances she takes. Douglass shows his hatred for slavery through his descriptive writing. For instance, he shows his intelligence by simply writing the narrative sho wing people that he is no animal but an accomplished human being. The fact that he used his real name in his narrative shows his strength against slavery. Douglass believed he was entitled to be treated like a human being and was enraged that he wasn’t treated as such. The physiological abuse slaves went through was unimaginable. When Douglass was given to Edward Covey he was to be â€Å"broken.† Covey took joy in breaking down his slaves until they weren’t â€Å"human† anymore. His job was to take all of the â€Å"life† and joy out of a slave’s life so all they know is work. Douglass states that his, â€Å" natural elasticity was crushed, [his] intellect languished, the disposition to read departed, the cheerful spark that lingered about [his] eye died; the dark night of slavery closed in upon [him]; and behold a man transformed into a brute!† (Douglass, X) Through this quote, one is able to see that he was broken by slavery, and turned into an animal. Jacobs abuse is similar to Douglass’s ex perience with physiological when she realizes that Dr. Flint owns her body. She is tormented by him at any time, as he frequently gets her alone. She is stuck in her situation because she can’t tell anyone to make Dr. Flint stop. She points out that slaves are given no reason to develop a strong moral sense, as they are given no ownership of their own body or final control over any of their actions. Both characters go through a time in their life when a master has â€Å"broken† them physiologically, makes them believe they are less than human. Both characters describe their childhood in completely different ways. Douglass explains the system that slave owners used to â€Å"make a slave.† By cutting off ties with ones parents, especially maternal caring, they are unable to grasp the concept of love and kinship, thus making them more as animals then people. Douglass explains that he never, â€Å"enjoyed, to any considerable extent, her soothing presence, her tend er and watchful care, I received the tidings of [my mother’s] death with much the same emotions I should have probably felt at the death of a stranger.† (Douglass, I) Douglass’s used adjectives like â€Å"soothing† to reinvent the childhood he could have had if he would’ve had his mother in his life. Douglass was robbed of his childhood by the wickedness of slavery and his attitude towards that is shown through his descriptive writing. Jacobs had a very different childhood then Douglass. Jacob’s had a somewhat normal childhood for a slave. Jacob’s was fortunate enough to have both of her parents in her life as well as a brother for amount of time. She was not a victim of being separated from her parents like Douglass. She was also privileged enough to be ignorant of what she had been born into. After her mother’s death, she is taken to her mother’s mistress who teaches her sew, read and write. Though both characters are b orn into slavery, they lead completely different childhoods. Gender dictates the working rolls Douglass and Jacobs were assigned in their time as slaves. Jacob’s was again fortunate to be doing house work as a young girl, most of her time as a slave she acted as a house maid. By being a women Jacob’s wasn’t easily subjected to working a hard day in the field, though field work was in her future when Mr. Flint vengefully sends Jacobs to his plantation. Though she was to work in the fields, such work was only assigned by Mr. Flints feeling towards her having an affair with Mr. Sands. Douglass being a man was subject to much harsher work than Jacobs. Douglass was exposed to hardened slave masters who were cruel to him, and was given harsh beatings. Douglass is deeply emasculated by the hours of work he spends out in the fields, as well as the harsh beatings given by Covey. Douglass becomes capable of only resting as a result of his beatings and extensive hours of work. Douglass describes one of his many beatings in great deta il, â€Å"he lashed me till he had worn out hisswitches, cutting me so savagely as to leave the marks visible for a long time after. This whipping was the first of a number just like it, and for similar offences.† (Douglass, X) Slave men were subject to much harsher work than the women, and these two characters are primary examples of such. Douglass and Jacobs were physically abused, but the context of their abuse was completely different based on their gender. Jacob was subject to Dr. Flint’s frequent sexual harassment. Jacobs was continually taken advantage of sexually during her time under his grasp. Jacob’s narrative is quite focused on the fact that she is a woman when writing about her struggles, â€Å"Slavery is terrible for men; but it is far more terrible for women. Superadded to the burden common to all, they have wrongs, and sufferings, and mortifications peculiarly their own.† (Jacobs, XVI) Her abuse physiologically damaged her, and eventually caused her to have an affair with another man just to escape another’s harassment. Jacobs was never able to truly be a woman of her own, she was constantly pressed by the fact that she was a slave and had no right over her own body. She states in her narrative that her body belonged to Dr. Flint, which was harmful to her. The fact Dr. Flint’s harassment led Jacobs to having an affair with another white man who she was not in love with, and eventually led into her hiding delaying her from mothering her children obstructed her chance for her to be a real woman. Douglass’s abuse was completely different but had the same effect on him; he wasn’t able to be a true man. Throughout Douglass’s narrative and mostly in his time under the control of Covey, he describes how his endurance to become a real man faded. Covey truly broke Douglass and continually states that he was everywhere, â€Å"under every tree, behind every stump, in every bush, and at every window, on the plantation.â₠¬  (Douglass, X) Slavery took every ounce of his will to live; he had no interest in reading, writing, or even escaping to become a free man. The effect slavery left on him shows that as a slave, Douglass was not able to be a real man. While both Frederick Douglass and Harriet Jacobson’s Narratives undergo the corrupt power of slavery in 19th century America and were able to escape, the role of gender in society largely acts as a variance within these two stories. Both characters show that as a slave, they weren’t able to act as a real man or woman. The physical and mental abuse, their childhoods and every aspect of their lives as slaves, hindered them from having a real life for themselves. Though there were similarities in their narratives, their gender truly controlled the course of their lives. Works Cited Douglass, Frederick. â€Å"I,X, XVI,.† Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass: An American Slave. New York: New American Library, 1968. N. pag. Print. Jacobs, Harriet A. â€Å"XVI, IV.† Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl. New York: Oxford UP, 1988. N. pag. Print. Notes, C. (2013, April 10th). Class Notes. Print.

Emotions and Moods Essay

When we try to understand what makes a good leader, or behaviors from leaders that drive positive performance and results in an organization, traditional personal attributes such as intelligence, toughness, determination, vision and technical skills, though are very much required for success, it is not sufficient to be a truly effective leader. As employees go up the ladder emotional intelligence play more important roles on performance than other personal or technical attributes As a leader, it is of utmost importance that you manage and build relationships with many people, be well connected and be genuinely interested so that people want to help you in tough times or when in need of a critical resource or expertise. So the Social Skill of a leader helps a long way in building positive performance. A leader also needs to be self-aware of his behaviors and moods, it is a skill of knowing ones true self and how that could affect people around him, so that he can self-regulate himself and ensure that in any given situation, he always responds positively and does not react. This calmness and maturity the leader brings in to the team, will build confidence and trust in his subordinates and will make them work harder and smarter to not repeat mistakes and give their best to achieve higher results. A leader need to empathize with other people, this is extremely important when working with cross cultural teams where understanding of each other’s behaviors could make or break projects. This is a skill of treating people as per their moods, behaviors and reactions to specific situations. This can go a long way in avoiding conflicts, retaining talent and bringing in a sense of understanding with the superior which could lead to sharing new ideas, beliefs etc. and thus opening up a plethora of opportunities to tap in to their ideas and additionally help in good involvement from them which will feed growth. Human beings are biologically designed to be influenced by external environment. An upbeat manager makes everyone feel energetic, while a sour-spirited manager makes work grueling. A manager’s upbeat mood, which is optimistic, sincere and realistic, will be contagious and one erson’s energy transmits signals that can alter the overall wellbeing of others which would drive up their mood. Better mood always results in better performance if channelized in the right way which a good leader is capable of doing. The most effective leaders show mood which is apt for the given situation with a mix of optimism which enables the organization to drive forward with hope. The inner work life system, which is the combination of how our perceptions about things around could drive emotions, coupled with our motivation to work could drive positive performance in our everyday life and eventually lead to organizational success. Therefore it is very important as a leader to be aware of his reactions and approach to everyday work events, so that he doesn’t adversely affect any team members but always drive positivity and bonding which drives performance. Overall we can state that emotions and moods play a vital role in a behavior of a leader and if the leader wants to be successful, he needs to self-aware, drive positivity with his optimistic mood and be high on emotional intelligence, so that he can tackle any given situation in the rightful manner and in turn see his organization maturing and growing by leaps and bounds.

Physics of sailing Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Physics of sailing - Term Paper Example Introduction: Sailing refers to the act of controlling a vessel that is moving across a water body using the power of wing for propulsion. The act of successfully sailing a water vessel entails a lot of scientific principles worth studying. The scientific principles behind sailing vessels mostly consist of fluid mechanics phenomena of viscous fluids moving around fixed bodies (Anderson, 5). Various forces act on a sailing vessel that set it in motion and prevent it from sinking. Physics principles are used in the design of various parts of sailing vessels; therefore it is important to study the physics of sailing. This paper discusses the physics principles, including fluid mechanics that applies to sailing vessels and influences their design and operation. It reviews the forces acting on a sailing vessel and fluid mechanics of viscous fluids to detail the origin of the forces, lastly, various applications of the physics principles related to sailing a commercial uses of physics of s ailing are presented and discussed. Theory: This section presents the theory behind physics of sailing. First, we start by looking at the fundamental terminology relate to sailing vessels. The main parts of a basic sailing vessel are shown in the diagram below: Hull: this is the main body of the vessel that makes a boat. It determines the basic performance characteristics of the vessel such as maximum speed and acceleration that the vessel can achieve. Also, the shape of the hull determines the resistance experienced by the vessel as it moves through water and as a result its acceleration and movement in low winds. The shape of the hull and the keel also determines the vessel’s stability which is critical to the performance of the vessel on different angles of sail (Anderson, 7). Hull speed formula: we can either describe a wave using a cosine of sine function. Using the sing function, the amplitude of the wave is 0 at the point of origin and its equation is given by: Where y is the wave’s height at a horizontal position x and A is the amplitude of the wave above the normal water surface. x is small near the origin, therefore: Sin (2?/?)x ? (2?/?)x y= A (2?/?) x the ratio of y to x is y/x = A(2?/?) As the wave passes, the general surface particle motion on the water wave is represented below: The wave’s speed through water is V; the speed of the surface particle moving in circular motion is U and the sum of the two speeds gives the net speed. Considering the type of motion involved, the ratio of the vertical speed to horizontal speed is u/v and is equal to the ratio of y to x, therefore, u/v = y/x = A(2?/?) Applying the law of conservation of energy to the surface motion of water, the two energies in this case are kinetic energy (mv^2/2) and gravitational potential energy (mgh). The energy equation is, H= 2A = the vertical distance between the crest and the trough. 2mgA = 2mvu gA= vu u= A(2?/?)v gA = A(2?/?)v^2 The speed of the surface wav e, v is obtained as = This parameter is important for calculating the maximum speed of vessels among other situations. For instance, since waves of long wavelength travel faster than those of shorter wavelength, they take a shorter time to reach the shoreline. Sailors recognize that an impending storm is signaled by long waves and the storms always originate from where the waves are coming. In addition, long-wavelength waves

Marketing assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Marketing assignment - Essay Example We are now in an age where taking care of children is already a shared responsibility and as such, she should widen her segmentation to include the husband as well. Instead of just women, she should target both the mother and father who shares the parenting responsibility. Such, the best market for Trap-Ease are parents and not solely women. Martha should also capitalized on the non-poison aspect of controlling the mouse problem. Such, she should also target the environmentalist who are concerned with the use of poison in controlling the rodents as it contributes to global warming. Companies and industrial sites should also be targeted as they too have a pest issue to contend. The specification of Trap-Ease suits them as the product is well-designed that its aesthetics will fit the corporate and industrial setting. 4) Describe the current marketing mix for Trap-Ease. Do you see any problems with this mix? For the marketing mix of introducing her product to its target market, Martha h as Trap-Ease as a product. Her pricing seems to be okay because there is no apparent price resistance with the product. Given the cost that she needs to recoup, it is not advisable for her to cut its price but she just have to work on the scale of her sales.

Week7 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Week7 - Assignment Example The package, which is a small white box, holds the plastic container at an upright and tight position, preventing it from spilling or crushing due to sudden impact that can occur mostly when the products are being transported. The package represents a beehive and the ridges embossed on it represent planks of wood that are joined together by nails that appear as dots on the box. The box is embossed with the Klein Constantia symbol, which informs consumers that the Knees Bees is a product of Klein Constantia. The bee appearing on the diecut slit on the box invites the consumers to open the package, which also contain images of bees and small diecut bees at the base of the container, which denotes that inside the container is a factual honeycomb. The image of the bee on the outer surface of the packages, those inside the container and the small diecut bees at the base of the box easily informs the consumer that the packaged product has some association with bees. The consumer can easily interpret this to mean that the product inside the container is honey; this is because honey is the most common product that is produced by

In what ways does the newspaper media presentation of young black men Essay

In what ways does the newspaper media presentation of young black men affect the self perception of the young people themselves - Essay Example Similarly, the entertainment media have willingly received their prompt from the members of the press, and these inaccurate representations not merely shape race relations but also generate a self-fulfilling prophecy for young black males, whose limitations of achievement can be fixed for them by presentations in the media (Johnson, Adams, Hall, & Ashburn 1997). A widespread stereotype about young black males is that they take part in substance abuse in uneven numbers. Other widespread detrimental stereotypes portrayed in mass media involve the young black male as a drug addict and criminal; there is also a persistent depiction of the young black male intellectually inadequate (Larson 2005). An individual who carries the dishonour of group membership should be equipped for its incapacitating consequences. Studies suggest that young black males are aware that they are denounced as being cognitively inadequate and that they go to school carrying a ‘burden of suspicion’ (Larson 2005: 42), as it is referred to as by psychologist Claude Steele. Such a burden can influence their achievement, attitudes, and perception of their selves (Larson 2005). Likewise, studies discovered that when college men are admonished that their group is regarded inferior at math, their academic performance may realise this prophecy (Markowitz & Jones-Brow n 2000). These stereotypes stay with stigmatised individuals regardless of their accomplishments or status. They should remain vigilant and put up with an extra burden that may impinge on their self-esteem, ambitions, and performance. These stereotypes have the capability of depriving them of their individuality and weaken their efforts to escape from stigmatised roles (Markowitz & Jones-Brown 2000). Even though Black news journalists and principal characters have been steadily growing in number, the significant majority of decision makers in the media remain

Consumer Behavior Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Consumer Behavior - Assignment Example my home Jim Maxwell and Ian Mc Donald who recently purchased DVD player - home theatre system of two different brands, in order to analyze the changing behaviours of consumers. Jim purchased the Sony brand while Ian purchased a Panasonic one. Their buying decisions were influenced by need for recognition. Before purchasing, both of them have searched a lot to collect information regarding the product. They have evaluated all the possible alternatives before taking the purchasing decisions. films you purchased you can no longer play! So you have a problem or a new need. For high value items like a DVD player or a car or other low frequency purchased products this is the process we would take.† (Consumer Buying Behaviour) Most of the purchasing decisions are accompanied by an identified need. Sometimes that may be the malfunctioning of an existing product or sometimes it may be for getting some social recognition. Recognition is a primary psychological need, many of the human beings possessed. Most of their purchasing decisions were influenced by such thirst for recognition. They may feel inferiority if they possess old goods. In Jim’s case he is more focussed on social recognition while Ian seems to be more practical than Jim in his decisions. Once the consumer decide about the need of purchasing he will definitely go for information regarding the product he wanted to purchase. â€Å"Sources of information could be family, friends, neighbours who may have the product you have in mind, and alternatively you may ask the sales people, or dealers, or read specialist magazines like What DVD to help with their purchase decision. You may even actually examine the product before you decide to purchase it.† (Consumer Buying Behaviour) The following questions were asked to Jim and Ian regarding the collection of information of the DVD player they purchased Most of the people are rely on, advertisements in television, news papers, Super markets and internet for the

The Culture and History of Switzerland Assignment

The Culture and History of Switzerland - Assignment Example The main principle that characterizes the country’s political system is that the citizens have the highest political authority in the states of Swiss. They have the leverage of conveying their opinion at the levels such as communal, cantonal, and federal. Moreover, they can not only vote on different issues but also elect representatives of the Federal Assembly (Swiss Community, 2015). Response to question 3 The geopolitics and geography of the Swiss sustained and allowed a tension-laden but polycentricity that was effective. The cantons stubbornly, on autonomy, canalized the attempts, as well as, state-building into a league mode of association instead of centralizing the unitary state model. The ultimate sovereignty neither depends on the citizen nor in some of the central universal principle though it will depend on the autonomous communities. This can be explained by the difference of in the democratic process of this country in comparison to other democracies. It has a direct democracy where the citizens influence government activities directly through either referenda or initiatives. In the federalism, the constitutional powers are citizen centered as well as the cantons. Moreover, they have consociational democracy where the cantonal majority rules. Cantons that are small have equal weight to those that are big (Swiss Community, 2015). Response to question 4 In my opinion, the culture and color character of the Zurich, Geneva, and Basel relatively differ. This can be attributed to the fact that the culture of the citizens is firmly anchored by the cantons. These cities are important facets of cultural identity as they contribute to the cultural and social substance towards the maintenance of the nation that is polycentric.

ETH501, Business Ethics, Mod 3 Session Long Project Essay

ETH501, Business Ethics, Mod 3 Session Long Project - Essay Example One such right is employee privacy. This includes physical and information privacy. No company can violate the employee privacy on the grounds of various ethical frameworks. If we look at testing or surveillance of employees without their consent on GPS or through any other means of technology, we can say that it should be discouraged because it renders more disadvantages than advantages to the society. For example, by tracking you employees through GPS, you are getting certain very private information and some information they might not want to tell you. This strips them of their fundamental right. It might help the firm on reducing the current bottling theft and save them a lot of money. These benefits are only for the firm. If we look at the disadvantages brought about by this surveillance of employees without their consent, they will include costs such as costs for the company, cost for the society and cost for the employee who is being monitored. For the firm, the cost would be the cost of equipment being used. For the society, the cost would be that the money spent on new technology could have been used for the benefits of the employees. For emplo yees, these costs will be explicit, For example, this might give them stress. This might also make them lose their job. However, whether or not the employee’s surveillance is justified or not is debatable. Actually, there are more chances that the employee surveillance done by The Coca-Cola Company through GPS system is justified. A company which is as big as Coca-Cola itself generally looks at the costs they are faced with before taking such decisions and only go with the option if the benefits exceed the costs. Hence, they must deem it as more advantageous and hence decided to go forward with it. However, companies are mostly concerned with their own cost and benefit analysis and they might have

School Organization Essay Example for Free

School Organization Essay The school organization is the arrangement of the school in a group of people that work together to accomplish group goals. The organization refers to the form of the enterprise or institution and the arrangement of the human and material resources functioning in a manner to achieve the objectives of the enterprise. It represents two or more than two people respectively specializing in functions of each perform, working together towards a common goal as governed by formal rules of behaviour. The administration is concerned with the determination of corporate policy and the overall coordination of production, distribution and finance. The management is referring to the execution of policy within the limits which are established by administration and the employment of the organization. According to Sheldon, â€Å"Organization is the formation of an effective machine; management, of an effective executive; administration of an effective direction. Administration defines the goal; management strives towards it. Organization is the machine of management in its achievement of the ends determined by administration. † The school organization is very important to present the issue that affect the school as a whole such as the drawing up syllabus for the teachers, the locations of the rooms and the organized schedule. How a school is organized is a matter for the staff to specify, and a school’s organization should reflect the teacher’s commitment to the success of all students. Every aspect of the instructional program will convey the goals and values of the teachers towards students and their learning. A school aiming to improve the student performance must develop a reasoned approach. The high learning level of students is determined by the way of study of the students. They can choose which styles they want weather by teams or houses. If they comfortable by teams, the teacher will divide them into several groups and they will have their own peer. For those who prefer the house’s style, the teacher will cooperate with the parents to make sure that the student’s achievement increase, but the house’s style is more challenging due to the parents need to spend more time with their children. The wise deployment of the space for the students is very crucial that lead to a safe and positive environment. For example, an art class should be wider as the students need their own space to create a creative project. Furthermore, it is easy for the students to walk and if it is safe, the students will feel secure to walk alone. Based on the research done, small schools yield better result than the big one. This suggests that, the teachers at the large school can improved their teaching style by dividing their students in subunit. The numbers of the class should be increase as it helps student to understand more about the topics and the teachers can concentrate on their students within the group. The schedule should be more organized as it is the main factors that lead to the student’s achievement. As for me, the long hour learning is not very good as the students and the teachers need to have rest. The long hour learning session will lead to less focusing of the students. Then, as a result, they cannot answer the question test. The main characteristic of these approaches is that they organize instructional time into longer blocks than the traditional pattern, thus allowing teachers and students greater flexibility in how they use their time. With longer blocks of time, students can embark on projects that would be difficult to complete in only several hours. Teachers accustomed to relying on lecturing find that they need to vary their approach under block scheduling, enabling students to engage in deeper and more sustained exploration of content. There are several implications of different levels of school. The levels of school can be classified into three which are the elementary school, middle school and high school. The elementary school is an institution where children receive the first stage of academic learning known as elementary or primary education. At this point, the students are very innocent and just accept all the knowledge that has been given by the teachers. They did not think critically and just on the surface of the chapter. This organization is very crucial so that the students will not be shocked to learn and they can understand easily. Elementary school-age kids benefit from regularly hearing about persistence. So, teach them different ways to talk about problem solving such as, â€Å"I won’t quit,† and â€Å"I can do it,† and â€Å"It is always the hardest at the first, but it will get easier. † Borba also suggest that we need to maintain the families overall attitude by always support each other. That will not just build a positive thinking in the student’s mind but also tighten the bond of family relationship. Finally, we can tell the stories either from our own life or we can ask the school librarian to recommend books about the characters who manage to succeed despite the obstacles. The second level is middle school. The middle school is defines as the period in student’s life that take place after elementary school and before high school. The school organization takes places in order to shape the students attitude so that they are not easily influenced by any bad things. Students at this period in their lives experience rapid physical, emotion and intellectual growth, matched in scope only by the first three years of life; they are experiencing fast and sometimes confusing changes. Middle schools therefore, must provide both stability and stimulation, respecting the student age-related concerns. The students tend to try new things in their life. So, maybe with the additional class for the some problematic students would be better so that they will use their time wisely. Furthermore, the school also can organise a sport day once a month, so that the students will have a healthy life style. Their brain can have a good process thinking and the heart beat fast to pump the blood. The third level is high school is an institution that provides a secondary education. Scheduling is the main aspect of school organization at the high school level. The students need to manage their time wisely so that they can have a successful result as the high school is more challenging. Many high schools have by now use the form of block scheduling, in which students need to attend three to four classes rather than seven to nine. Block scheduling is advantageous because it provides longer instructional time and more opportunities for engaged learning. Block scheduling tends to improve the school climate with fewer discipline problems and greater students commitment to the work. In a nutshell, a school organization is very crucial as it enhances the students learning. The school organizational pattern improves the efficiency and qualification of work of the students and teachers. http://tweenparenting. about. com/od/educationissues/f/DefofMiddleSchool. htm (jennifer o’donnel http://www. greatschools. org/improvement/volunteering/19-easy-ways-to-help. gs http://www. greatschools. org/students/academic-skills/2430-teaching-persistence-3rd-through-5th-grade. gs http://www. ascd. org/publications/books/102109/chapters/School-Organization. aspx http://edchat. blogspot. com/2011/01/scope-and-importance-of-school. html http://www. scribd. com/doc/30705481/School-Organization-and-Classroom-Mamagement.

Human Resource Management In Absence At Work Management Essay

Human Resource Management In Absence At Work Management Essay Introduction Every organization has set a goals and objectives and to achieve that they have good quality as well as good quantity of human resource. Without this factors organization cannot achieve their goals. Thus these activities are arranged and manage by human resource management. The success of any organization depends upon effective management of human is resources. Human resource is backbone of any successful organization. Organization couldnt achieve their goals or objectives ignoring the effective human resource management. The effective human resource management advice to management team that how to optimize the current resources (Armstrong, 2006). I have chosen two peer-reviewed articles of Human resource management in absence at work. Journal 1: Source: Dunn, C., Wilkinson, A. (2002). Wish you were here: managing absence. Personnel Review, Volume 31(Issue 2), Page 228. Absence is the employee is not available for work when the work is available for that employee (Eggert, 2009). As this definition we can say that absence is unavailability of the employees when there is work for them. Sickness absence is a major public health problem that has important economic impact because of high insurance cost and lost productivity ( Roelen, Koopmans, Groothoff, 2009). Due to absence of the employees in work is costly to organisation because the organisation has to pay directly to absence employee as well replacement employee. So the expenses of the organisation on absence employee will be doubled. The impact of the absence into organisation is myriad. It includes reduced in production quality, job done by less experienced employee, loss of costumers due to failure to meet deadline. This journal explains how to manage absence of employee in organization. To curb absence into organization positive incentive plays major role to manage absence. Attendance bonus is common type of financial bonus. Disciplinary action is another technique to control absence in organisation. This is negative way to control absence into organisation which includes reduce annual leave, dismissal to poor attendance employee, deducting company sick-pay. The research was made in 1997 with seven companies which includes manufacturing sector (Prodco, Manuf), retail sector (Shopco, Superco and Foodco) and financial sectors (Consultco and Bankco). 50 interviews participate in total with semi-structure interview. Profit of Absence The significant of absence is related to cost. At Shopco implemented new rule that no payment of the first day of sickness to control one-day absence. Manufco, Prodco, Superco, Foodco, Consultco calculate cost of absence as measurement of size of the absence problem in organisation. The production manager emerged if the current rate of the absence 11 percentage reduce to 2 percentage it could be saved  £100000. Cost benefit is major factor to motivate reducing absence in to organisation. Monitoring Absence The method of monitoring absence in organisation is varied and every organisation uses different way to monitor absence. The organisation used absence report as key factor to identify absence pattern. Because of the absence pattern the line manager can predict who will be unavailable in the work. The most common method of monitoring absence in organisation was a combination of trigger review procedure, regular absence statistics and informal methods of monitoring. The nature of the organisation and the types of employee mix determine the method of monitoring absence. Controlling Absence Many companies used Return to work interview as a tool for controlling absence. The propose of return to work interview to identify the reason for the absence, welcome the employee back to work, ensure the employee is fit and fine to back to work (University, 2011). The research shows that return to work interview could be effective in increasing employee awareness of pressure to attend work. Every organisation did not take interview and interview could be informal as well. Defining responsibilities and ownership The line manager plays a vital role to manage absence in organisation. The line managers know the pattern of absence among their employee rather than HR department. It is hard to relay message to each and every employees by HR department. The line manager should take responsibilities to minimize absence in organisation. Discipline and the dynamics of line management discretion Discipline plays vital role to control absence in the organisation. The policies and procedure played a part in creating pressure to attend work. Human resource department only cannot minimize the rate of absence if the line manager did not take responsibilities in absence management. Journal 2: Source: Bennett, H. (2002). Employee commitment: the key to absence management in local government? Leadership and Organisational Development Journal, Volume 23(Issue 8), Page430. According to CBI (1999) in recent years employee absence at work culture is very grown in organisation. Absence at work is emerging problem for organisation in economically. IDE (1998) estimated that huge amount (around  £13bn) of economy went to useless due to absence at work. According to Ho (1997), the impact of the absenteeism into economic is myriad. It includes reduced in production quality because job done by less experienced employee, loss of costumers due to failure to meet deadline. This journal explains how absenteeism impact in local government in UK economy and employee commitment plays vital role to curl absence at work. Government Staff Commission for Northern Ireland conducted a research to measure and find out cause of absenteeism in local government. In this research, it took organisational commitment as a key factor to control in absenteeism and examines relationship between employee commitment and absence through three factors which are human resource managers, line managers and employees. The main cause of being absence at work is physical illness in local government and low job satisfaction in some cases. Marrow (1983) explained commitment as following The Strength of an individuals identification with and involvement in a particular organisation. Organisational commitment is effected by different factors such as morale, motivation, job satisfaction. There is bond attachment between organisational commitment and absence to curl absenteeism in local government. Comparative analysis Journal 1 explains how the absenteeism does negative impact in economy of the organisation whereas another journal explains the organisation commitment play a vital role to curl absenteeism in local government. Journal 1 explains to control absence in organisation it introduce attendance bonus and disciplinary actions. It means whoever achieves more attendance at work, they should be rewarded and who has a poor attendance at work without satisfactory reason they should be dismissal from their responsibilities. Critical analysis of the journals In journal 1 the writer suggest to avoid absence at work reduce annual leave, reduce pay scale of sick or injury leave. Accident or illness cannot be predicted but it happened. If employee gets illness or injury during organisation they will be compensated. But most of employee took sick leave for non-illness propose and took leave on Monday and Friday ( Barham Nasima, 2010). In journal 2 the writer organisation committed Conclusion After studying the two above journal, I would like to conclude absenteeism is growing negative culture in organisation and government body. Due to the absence at work, huge amount of money went to unnecessary expenses. In one research it estimated that the direct expense of absenteeism to UK economy in 2003 was  £11.6 Bn ( Barham Nasima, 2010). It makes negative impact to growth of economy in organisation as well as country. Sick leave is most common method to be absented at work because it will be paid. Sometimes employees get sick leave without sickness. The main factors for getting absence at work are job dissatisfaction, growing absence at work culture in organisation, to avoid pressure at work, getting paid without work. If employees in sick leave, the organisation has to pay them but if they are not genuinely sick, the organisation still has to pay those employee who take sick leave. And other thing due to absence at work, the organisation has to hire another person for that position. Because of this the organisation has to face various kinds of problems that includes has to pay extra to replacement employee, job done by less experienced employee so that production quality will be deducted and loss of costumers due to meet deadline. Organisational commitment plays vital role to curl absence at work.

Genetic Screening Essay examples -- Science Genetics Papers

Genetic Screening Genetic screening techniques are coming of age and the controversy that surrounds them is growing by the minute. The definition of genetic screenings is as follows: a systematic search for persons with a specific genotype. These tests that look into the essence of humanity, will allow scientist and physicians the opportunity and ability to alter the human genotype for better or worse. Genetic advancements will bring controversy at every milestone. Genetic Screening usually takes place when an individu al or group shows risk for a disease or trait. Genetic testing can pinpoint a specific allelic interaction or multiple gene interactions, which may lead to a disorder. The common thread of life is DNA and DNA is the only major requirement for genetic sc reening. With knowledge of structure and function of DNA scientists can unlock the mysteries of life. Who should be tested, when should someone be tested and who should know about the results are some of the small questions that society must answer about the ethics of genetic testing. Ethics plays a major role in understanding the controversy that surrou nds genetic testing. In the following pages I will discuss ethics, techniques, types of test available, major issues, pros and cons associated with genetic screening and finally my opinion. To fully understand the concept of genetic screening some essentials background knowledge is required. First, life replicates itself for the most part in the same manner in all organisms. Second, DNA is the molecule of heredity. DNA provides life its bl ueprints for building, replicating and surviving. Humans have a wide variety of DNA sequences, but the majority of sequences are common to all humans. DNA condenses to f... ...at genetic screening and genetic test are the way of the future and can benefit all with proper regulation. References Allen, B., (1994). Predictive genetic testing: ethical, legal and social implications. USA Today Nov 1994:66-69. Reference 2. Harper, P., (1993)Insurance and genetic testing. The Lancet Jan1993:224-228. Reference 3. Roberts, L. (1990) To test or not to test? Science 247:17-19. Reference 4. Time(1996) Do you want to know if the news is bad? Time v148:29 Reference 5. Blatt, R., An Overview of Genetic Screening and Diagnostic Test in Health Care. Obtained form www.geneletter.org/0996/screening.htm Stawicki, S., Pros of Genetic Screening. Obtained form: biology.uoregon.edu/Biology_WWW/Biospheres/winter95/GeneticS/G.ScreenPros.html Ynachinski, S., Genetic Screeing for Disease. Obtained form www.biotech.ca/projects/tbi/tbi02.htm

U.K. Economy Essay -- Economics Fiscal Policy Essays

U.K. Economy The UK government currently has four main macroeconomic aims that it is pursuing. These aims are those of low unemployment, low inflation, and high and stable economic growth as well as a favourable balance of payments current account position. This essay will concentrate on the government’s success in the first three of its aims listed above and how these macroeconomic aims can or have been achieved using fiscal and monetary policy. Fiscal policy is used to affect aggregate demand by altering taxation and government spending; monetary policy also affects aggregate demand by the manipulation of interest rates and the supply of money. Economic growth is the prime measurement of a country’s economy as it reflects improvements in standards of living. It is defined as an increase in the productive potential of the economy and is usually measured in terms of rate of change of real gross domestic product (GDP), which is the value of output produced within an economy over 12 months. It must be remembered that for each year, the percentage change in GDP is shown therefore any positive figure will represent a growth in the annual GDP level. The swift growth the UK experienced from 1982 to 1988. This growth in GDP decreased from the 5.2% level experienced in 1988 to 2.2% in 1989 and fell to its lowest in 1991 at –1.4%. This is due to the recession that hit the UK during this period. After the negative year of growth in 1991, the UK economy began its recovery from the recession and consequently there was a healthy growth in GDP from 1992, which lasted up until 2001. In 2000 the GDP growth figure stood at 3%, this is mainly due to the increase in consumer spending and capital investment that occurred during this year. The most satisfying aspect of this economic growth is the fact that at the time it coincided with the achievement of the government’s second macroeconomic aim of low. Last year however the economy grew by just 1.7%, which is the lowest for a decade. This low rate of UK economic growth coincided with the position of the manufacturing sector, which in 2002 was in a deep recession and is to the manufacturing industry to call for a further interest rate cut, to help push the value of the pound down, so that UK manufacturing export demand can increase. Inflation is the general a... ...enting the economy from entering a recession. Nevertheless this is where we can see the difficulties in making these policies due to trade offs that occur, as a rate cut in theory should lead to the rate of inflation to rise even further however this is a risk worth taking to end the current manufacturing recession as well as strengthen consumption even further. Revising an expansionary fiscal policy (fall in taxation, increase in government spending) would also be advisable. This will further boost aggregate demand and as supply side economists may argue, shift aggregate supply to the right effecting growth (a rise) unemployment (a fall), inflation (a fall), thus these goals to be met. It must be remembered that both policies have time lags connected with them, in particular fiscal policy, for which they are greater. A decision to change an instrument must therefore be consistent, as it may not always have the desired effect instantly. Bibliography www.statistics.gov.uk www.bized.ac.uk/ www.hm-treasury.gov.uk http://www.tutor2u.net www.telegraph.co.uk/business http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/economy/default.stm Economics – Sloman.

Presentation on Bioplastics :: Environment polypropylene renewable resources

Presentation on Bioplastics Bioplastics, What are they? * Compostable Plastics -or- * Any plastics-made from organisms (or Organism by-products). * Currently, there is much confusion over the definition of bioplastics Mixture of Acids that could be made into bioplastics Making Bioplastics, Etc. Goal of Bioplastic Production * To Save Resources by either reducing the production of standard Polypropylene plastics by replacing it with a less resource-intensive plastic. * Or Save the Environment by making plastics biodegradable * Or, both! Bioplastic degradation speed What are Scientists Doing Now? Several Different Exciting Methods are being tried right now! * Using Soy-based bioplastics * Using Bacteria to make bioplastics * Starch-based Bioplastics * Polylactide Bioplastics * Poly-3-Hydroxybutyrate Current Cost of Bioplastic Comparison Soy-based Bioplastics One of the hottest sections in bioplastics research today. Pure Soy Bioplastic has many undesirable traits. Mixtures of Soy with other substances are currently being attempted. The Soy shown Soy Protein Bacteria-based Bioplastics Steven Pratt of New Zealand (Major New Discovery) Mixture of bacteria can create acids when fermented. The ratio of different acids is based on pH. The bacteria are fed glucose solution and fermented. The acids can be used to make bioplastics Starch-Based * Make up about 50% of the current bioplastic market * Are used in pills that you take * Can be specificially tailored by adding different amounts of plasticizers * This is called â€Å"thermo-plastical starch† Polylactide Bioplastics * Lactic acid is turned into Polylactide by adding a catalyst and heat. * Polylactide bioplastics can be made on existing petroleum plastic equipment * Resembles plastic in properties Poly-3-Hydroxybutyrate * A polyester * Easily biodegradable * Easily processed * Currently very expensive * Current interest is very high * Methylobacterium sp V49 is one bacteria that produces Poly-3-Hydroxybutyrate Challenges Facing Bioplastics * Economically Unfeasible * Biodegradability is a useful and a not-so-useful property

Dona Perfecta Essay

Dona Perfecta, written by B. Perez Galdos, is a novel that explores the conflict between the new progressive movement and the old religious school of thought. This conflict takes place in the small Spanish village of Orbajosa. Narrow-minded Catholic zealots dominate Orbajosa. The most prominent of the zealots is Dona Perfecta. Dona is traditional catholic and strives to fight any opposition to her fixed beliefs. Pepe Rey, her nephew, presents the biggest challenge to Dona because he is an engineer who relies on scientific fact rather than religious faith. Dona feels as though Pepe is challenging her and the towns’ livelihood. This belief leads Dona to not only turn the town against Pepe, but also to have him killed. Dona’s Catholic belief system is only a facade to her evil nature. The town of Orbajosa is presented to be a small yet inviting town. Pepe is welcomed to the town warmly and happily. Dona is the first to greet Pepe when the narrator states, â€Å"the sincere expression of her affection, was receiving him at the gate itself in her loving arms† (23). Dona appears to be a very loving and hospitable character. She also surprises Pepe with her lengthy preparations to his room when the narrator states, â€Å"Pepe recognized in all the details of the room the diligent and loving hand of the woman† (24). Dona has proven that she is capable of being kind and loving towards those who pose no threat to her lifestyle. However, it is only when Pepe denounces religion that Dona feels threatened and begins to revel her evil nature. When Pepe and the town canon, Don Inocencio, meet, the men clash with their ideals. Both are intelligent and therefore, are stubborn. Pepe reveals to Don Inocencio that science is more valid than religion when he states, â€Å"Mysticism in religion, routine in science, mannerism in art, are failing, as the Pagan gods fell† (36). Pepe expresses his opinions about science and religion without any hesitation. Don Incencio and the towns’ people of Orbajosa feel that Pepe is resolutely against their beliefs. Increasing animosity is the result of Pepe’s progressive mind-set. Dona feels as though Pepe is a liability to the town’s way of life and the only way to get rid of the problem is to exterminate it completely. Dona is desperate to get rid of Pepe. She knows that Pepe poses the possibly to contaminate the towns ideals with his progressive philosophy. Dona decides that the town must turn against Pepe. Dona accuses Pepe of being disrespectful in the church when she states, â€Å"between thinking things and showing them in that irreverent manner, there is a distance which a man of good sense and good breeding should never cross† (56). Dona feels the need to make baseless accusations about Pepe in order to sway the public opinion against Pepe. Pepe himself recognizes the absurdity of Dona’s accusation when he states, â€Å"I have shown no contempt for any one, nor do I entertain the ideas which you attribute to me† (57). Pepe is troubled by the idea that his own aunt would accuse him of such trivial acts. Pepe knows that his progressive ideals are threatening to the town and are creating distrust between him and Orbajosa. Dona knows that the only way to truly get rid of Pepe is to kill him. Dona is consumed with the idea that the town of Orbajosa is transitioning from a traditional mindset to a progressive mindset. In reaction, Dona orders the killing of Pepe. She then lies about the killing saying that Pepe committed suicide when she states, â€Å"Pepe Rey at about twelve o’clock last night entered the garden of the house and shot himself in the right temple† (218). Dona manufactured this lie in order to cover up her evil action. Dona resorted to extreme and evil measures in order to preserve her way of thought. Her name Dona Perfecta is ironic in the sense that Dona is far from perfect because she is evil. The injustice that Dona commits revels not only the true hypocritical nature of Dona but also the hypocritical nature of Orbajosa as a whole. Dona Perfecta uses the conflict between Pepe and Dona to show the strong opposition the progressive movement faces. While Pepe was welcomed at first, he was soon ostracized and persecuted for his thoughts. The towns’ people of Orbajosa felt Pepe might threaten their way of life. Extreme measures were taken by Dona to put Pepe to rest. Perhaps Galdos intends the reader to see that while people may appear to be good, in reality, they are not what they seem.

Literary Output of Filipinos are not Book Lovers Essay

Introduction: Reading is an important study skill and an important tool for becoming a good person but Philippines is actually not a nation of book lovers unlike in Japan. In Japan, most bookshops seemed to be the most popular feature of practically every street block. Body: Reading a book is becoming an unpopular activity among Filipinos right now unlike before. The problem is Filipino writers are mostly not appreciated by us. We don’t even talked about them in our conversations. Compared to London’s Virginia Woolf, one of the most Popular author/writer, almost all of her works were sold out in every bookstore in London. And in some instances, her works were one of the best sellers ang being talked about in London. Here in the Philippines, you can count those Filipinos that will go to store just to buy a book and enjoy being alone reading a book. Filipinos hate solitudes. Reading a book requires patience, time and even endurance in order to understand every chapter and it will really take a lot of time finishing it . Unlike in watching a movie, it can be done for only an hour or two. But as you can see, reading a book is much better than watching it in movie because in movie not all the details from the book are there. Conclusion: We prefer watching cinemas and hanging out   with friends, instead of going to library and read a book. Like in our schools today, they used visual aids to catch our attentions like power point presentations. I can say that Filipinos love entertainment because for us, it is more interesting. Definition of Terms Book – a division of a literary work Commiseration – to sympathize Primitive – being the first or early of the kind Solitude – loneliness Horrid – extremely disagreeable

Tale of Two Coaches

Running Head: Tale of Two Coaches and Leadership Tale of Two Coaches and Leadership Randal J. Reutzel Grand Canyon University: LDR – 600 October 27, 2011 Abstract Coaching and leadership seem to be synonymous with each other, in that if you’re a high caliber coach you must be a great leader, how else would you have achieved your success. While coaching in the NCAA division 1 basketball the goal is to win national championships, while also being a mentor to your students. Bobby Knight is a great basketball legend at Indiana, with a past of outrageous unacceptable behavior to the fans and to players, while also having one of the best collegiate records of all time. Coach Krzyzewski was also a great coach, was mentored by coach Knight and went on to be a legend at Duke. Coach K’s style of coaching was less dramatic and more heartfelt in his approach. Coach K’s was concerned for his player’s feelings and his style of motivating his players centered on less dramatizations on and off the court. Both Coaches were successful; one got into the heads of its players through coercive intimidation to be the best, the other through caring, talking and high levels of trust. Which coach is best depends on whom you ask and what perspective of coaching leadership style you prefer, or it could be a generational time difference or simply opposite styles that worked and produced results. Tale of Two Coaches and Leadership Leaders through time have on many occasions aligned their leadership styles to the great coaches either in the NFL or NBA. Does being a great coach and the techniques used by coaches translate into what leaders or managers should be leading employees by? Two great coaches with NCAA basketball championships, one mentored by the other, can have very different approaches and still get the results needed, winning seasons along with students who went on to great careers and have great respect for their mentors and coaches. Coach Bobby Knight led his teams through his relationship from a base of power. In the article from ESPN by Mike Puma, Knight was known for his tirades against players, referees and reporters as well as his brilliance to win games. Knight led his teams with complete control and nobody was second guessing his decisions, if they did it was with great conflict. He may have wanted to resolve the conflict but it was going to be on his terms. Knight led his teams with complete control from his position as the head of the team. He demanded certain expectations and rewarded this with play time or with sharp reprimands and punishment. His style was that of a managerial role, he demanded respect in that he held the position of power and he alone would be the master of activities and routines and this would influence players and the ultimate outcome. Northouse, 2010) Coach Knight led his teams with a history of demanding on others what he could not accomplish as a player. He developed a pattern of coercion that was demonstrated even off the court, by assaulting police during the Pan Am games or throwing chairs across courts. (Northouse, 2010) Coach Krzyzewski or â€Å"K† led his teams through his relations from a b ase of personal power, with no mistake he was the head coach. Coach K was mentored as a player and assistant coach for the military under Coach Bob Knight. Although Coach K went into the military, he was not of military mind, and this may have latter influenced his leadership traits. He dreamed of being a teacher not a military officer. (Bob Carter) What he learned from Knight was it took an unbelievable passion to be a leader, not Knights antics that put him into trouble more often than not. Coach K lead his teams and to championships through his role as a leader by inspiring and energizing the team, taking ownership in their actions. Grant Hill said coach K had a way of making people totally vested in the decision-making process, and that is what made him a great leader. Bob Carter) Traits of Coaching and Leadership Both coaches had specific traits that lead them to success, although one coach’s traits also lead to his demise while the other coach realized the passion needed and channeled his leadership spirit into more socially acceptable patterns. Coach Knight and Coach K were both intelligent and knew the intellectual struct ure of creating and leading great basketball teams. They demonstrated the ability to get talent and use that talent in different ways against different teams to win games and championships. Early in both coaches careers they knew what they wanted and what careers they wanted to pursue. To get to their end means of coaching they played the sport, learned from others and when through college level training. All of the training, and along the way making mistakes, they gained the confidence within themselves and gained self-esteem and self-assurance that they could make a difference. Coach Knight was given the opportunity through the army as a coach to demonstrate his style of leadership was the correct one. Coach K through the army was given the education, with his passion of basketball and mentoring from Coach Knight gained the self confidence to become what he wanted to be, a teacher and a coach. Determination for both coaches was that they wanted to be winners, leaders, and be a part of something great. Early in Coach Knight’s career even he stated that he only offered indentured servitude and unlimited practice. Early in Coach K’s career he was not an outstanding coach; others did believe in him and he gained self confidence with good players at Duke. Coach K again is quoted he learned from Knight the passion and amount of preparation it takes to be successful. (Bob Carter) Integrity is the ability of a leader to live and lead with some principles and take responsibility for their actions. The ability to possess integrity should build confidence in your team. Integrity is probably where the two coaches will separate their styles of leadership. Coach Knight through the years did several things to damage that integrity, through his actions in Panama or ways he degraded assistant coaches or lecturing teams with the use of props of soiled toilet paper. There were many times where his actions did not represent the role which he was given and he made little effort to change unless he was forced. Coach K built much of what he was on his integrity; he stuck up for his players many times. Once his team was graded by the student paper, it was the fact that the paper portrayed the players as instruments of entertainment and ego indulgence; this infuriated the coach, which he later apologized. What Coach K stood for was a caring, communication and trust within the team, and that was what he wanted for the whole student body, and why his fan base was so strong. The last important trait style of leadership is the ability for a leader to seek out good pleasant social relationships. The leader should be thought of as friendly, outgoing, courteous, tactful and diplomatic. Coach Knight, I believe, started out his career with these traits as he had to, through time, over confidence and ego caused him to lose most of these traits. People would say if you only know him like I do, but it was reported that he was known to be rude, defiant and hostile. (Bob Carter) Coach K on the other hand was exponentially known for his trait as having social leadership skills. He said you have to feel what your players feel in order to be a leader. A former player and now a coach Quin Snyder said that you give up ego to be a part of something special. (Bob Carter) Ego can and will get in the way of great social ability to lead a team and be a part of a team. Coach K has been and will be remember for his greatness, he possessed the most complete set of the 5 trait characteristics of a leader and it made him more accomplished and respected. Coach Knight lacked in the traits and his ego, temper, integrity came back to haunt him. He may be remembered more for his antics on and off the court than his record wins or development of players. The Three Skills of Coaching Success The three skills that are needed for success as a leader according to our reading from Robert Katz and Michael D. Mumford are Technical, Human and Conceptual. Through the levels of management different emphasis is required from each to be a great leader. In the situation of the coaches, they needed to possess top management skills where human and conceptual skills place more important than the technical aspects of the game of basketball. In the readings, both coaches knew the technical aspects of the game and surrounded themselves with knowledgeable assistances. Coach K’s emphasis was the human and conceptual aspects of his team and his responsibility to the school and its students. His kids needed to feel a part of something great and bigger than themselves and togetherness, this was demonstrated when coach K handed team phone numbers out and encouraged freshman to use them. (Mike Puma) Coach Knight demonstrated skills for the technical and conceptual skills; he had an ability to always figure out the best approach to win games against many different teams. Coach Knight is on record for being the youngest coach ever to win 600 games. He struggled with the ability to work with people that did not match his style or demands of doing exactly everything his way. He continually abused players and assistant coaches, while also getting in trouble in foreign countries. Leadership Grid Comparison The leadership grid from chapter 4, developed by Robert R. Blake and Jane S. Mouton, is basically a grid of different leadership styles with the two axis x – horizontal measure is based for results and y- vertical is based on concern for people. I believe from the reading that coach K and Knight developed strong leadership styles based on one premise for winning, or results. What they did was go about teaching and leading the teams differently to attain those results. Coach K moved his leadership style around as he needed to according to the needs of players or the team. Based on his style he concentrated his style in the middle of the road, trying to balance the need to get work done and the team needs, but he strongly styled his effort in the direction of team management by surrounding his team with committed members and built relationships of trust and respect. Coach Knight directed his leadership style more as an authority-compliance manager. He expected things to be done his way, and everyone around him to carter to his needs, whether that was good for personal development or not. The win, and only the win, was what needed to happen and he stepped and plowed through anyone and by any controversial tirade he had to get there. He even said in an interview that if you’re being raped to lay back and enjoy it. I believe this was his way of saying to the interviewer about his tantrums – which everyone just needed to put up with him. When he goes wild he wants to not be held responsible for his actions and for everyone to shut up. (Mike Puma) Contingency Model for Coaches The question presented: were both coaches matched to their situation based on the model developed by Fred Edward Fiedler described as the contingency mode? I think the answer is both yes and no. The styles of leadership in this model are described as being a task motivated or relationship motivated leadership. From the reading both coaches were winning coaches, they both used different approaches to get the results. In this model Coach K was high on leader-member, but with strong tasks, and did this without enforcing his positional power. Coach K did well with this leadership style at Duke University. Coach Knight was more task structured, the requirements were clear and spelled out and Knight controlled everything around him. When things got out of his control, people and team mates suffered and things did not go well for the coach. This goes against the model in some aspects in that if you’re out of control the task relationship should work out better for this type of leader, but there are flaws in the model. This works well for someone with specific tasks like fixing a part or cleaning a sink. In the situation of coach Knight it was more ambiguous in the tasks that needed to be accomplished. He could not deal with ambiguity and his temper showed as he took it out on other people and team members. (Northouse, 2010) Situational Leadership II The two coaches showed evidence from both readings that they practiced some level of situational leadership. Coach K demonstrated that he stood up for his players and they knew they could trust him. When he gave the ball to Laettner to stuff a basket in the final seconds to win a championship he knew he had the skills and would get the job done. He wanted to win for the team not for himself and even said once, did you see their faces and how happy they are. (Bob Carter) Coach K led his team by the skills that the team had; he did not change them, he developed them. Coach Knight, I believe, also led teams by development and using skills in the appropriate areas. He did it in a fashion of sheer work and drive to hone the skill in each person to exactly the perfection he wanted. When he did not get it or thought they were not giving enough, there were consequences for all around. Coach Knight was low on the supportive and directive behavior quadrant; I do not think he felt comfortable or confident to manage from that perspective. (Northouse, 2010) He excelled from the more comfortable leadership position S2 with only fringes of S1 or S3, unless they were extremely successful. Path-Goal Theory The path-goal theory of leadership is by understanding and leading people through enhancing performance and satisfaction and then focusing on what motivates them. For both coaches and for the entire player, the goal was to win games and that is what everyone wants. Both coaches had to go out and get potential players and those player and coaches began a dialogue on what both wanted and how they were going to achieve it. I believe that players that were coached by Knight knew his style and methods that he used to win games. Even today people say you don’t know him like we do, meaning his methods to them were acceptable. Likewise, Coach K went out to get players and they knew what he was like and his methods. The players chose to go with the perspective school and accepted them based on learned knowledge. Both coaches led their players in a fashion that was in an achievement-oriented style to reach their highest potential for the best outcome – winning games. The players with the desire of external locus of control probably liked Coach K style of leadership. The external locus of control the subordinate likes to feel more in control of their destiny and maybe take part in the decisions; this would be a part of something special with players and Coach K. Coach Knight was a dominate leader and coach, in control of everything – external locus of control players would believe more outside forces are in control. Directive leadership would be best for these types of players as they like the idea of someone taking control. Both teams coached by either Knight or Krzyzewski demonstrated the task characteristics as both coaches and players needed to be able to perform on the floor during a game with independence as things happen fast. Both coaches needed their teams to function on their own with a high degree of confidence. They would use the skills taught to them to win the game. References Northouse, P. (2010). Leadership: Theory and practice. Thousand Oaks, CA. Sage Publications Bob Carter, Krzyzewskiville, ESPN Classic. From: http://www. espn. go. com/classic/biography/s/Krzyzewski_Mike. html Mike Puma, Knight Known for titles, temper, ESPN Classic. From: http://espn. go. com/classic/biography/s/Knight_Bob. html

“Friendship. Does It Exist Nowadays?”

Every person has a devoted friend and their relations are called friendship. Could you give the definition of the word friendship? Friendship means relations between people who help each other, have common interests and hobbies, and share the same opinions. So, it’s great! The title of today’s special lesson called friendship. What words can you bring out as associations with a good friend and with a bad friend? (at the blackboard). Support Appreciate Betray Envy Feel jealous Ignore Honest Quarrel Defend – Children, do you know any proverbs about friends? One man – no man; One for all, all for one.A man is known by his friends. -I see, children, you know a lot! Good for you! -And I have some new proverbs for you. Look and match them! (at the blackboard).- And now I’ll give you a card with a question, you should address this question to any person.Do you have many friends?What is friendship for you?What is special about your friends?What is your friend like?Why do we like our friends?What shows that you are friends?Does your friend support you?Do you appreciate your friend’s advice?Does your friend envy your success?Do you have a friend in your class?Is your friend a kind person?Is your friend talkative?Is your friend honest?Do you like spending time with your friend? How?4. Thank you, children. And now – a special task for you. You see on your papers an extract from Oscar Wilde’s story. Could you translate the title? Let’s listen to the story and say who was the devoted friend. Oscar Wilde. The Devoted Friend. Once upon a time there was a young man whose name was Hans. He lived alone in little house. He had a lovely garden where he worked every day. His garden was the best in the village and there were a lot of beautiful flowers in it. Releted essay –  An Empty Purse Frightens Away FriendsLittle Hans had a devoted friend, big Hugh the Miller. Indeed, the rich Miller was so devoted to little Hans, that he always picked some flowers or took some fruit when he was passing Han’s garden. â€Å"Real friends must have everything in common,† the Miller used to say, and Hans smiled and felt very proud that a friend with such noble ideas. Sometimes the neighbours were surprised that the rich Miller never gave little Hans anything, but Hans never thought about these things. He worked and worked in his garden. In spring, summer and autumn he was very happy.But in winter he had no flowers or fruit to sell at the market, and he was often very hungry and cold. He was also very lonely, because the Miller never came to visit him in winter. â€Å"There is no good in my going to see little Hans in winter,† the Miller used to say his Wife, â€Å"Because when people are in trouble, you must leave them alo ne. That is my idea about friendship, and I am sure I am right. So I shall wait till spring comes, and then I shall go to see him, and he will give me a large basket of flowers, and that will make him happy. † The Miller’s Wife sat in her comfortable arm-chair near the fire. It is very pleasant,† she said. â€Å"to hear how you talk about friendship. † â€Å"But can’t we invite little Hans to our house? † said the Miller’s son. â€Å"If poor Hans is in trouble, I will give him half my supper and show him my white rabbits. † â€Å"What a silly boy you are! † cried the Miller.â€Å"If Hans comes here and sees our warm fire and our good supper, he may get envious, and envy is a terrible thing. Besides, maybe he will ask me to give him some flour, and I cannot do that! Flour is one thing and friendship is another. † â€Å"How well you talk,† said the Miller’s Wife. So, who was the devoted friend in this st ory and why? 5. Say what sentences are true or false. |   |True |False | |1. Little Hans lived in his little house without family. |   |   | |2. The rich Miller was so devoted to little Hans, that he always brought him some flowers or some fruit when he was passing. |   |   | |3. The Miller used to say that felt very proud to have a friend with such noble ideas.    |   | |4. â€Å"There is good in my going to see little Hans in winter,† the Miller used to say his Wife. |   |   | |5. Miller’s son suggested inviting poor Hans to their house. |   |   | |6. Miller didn’t want to make Hans feel bad. |   |   | |7. Hans would be glad to see his friend whenever he came. |   |   | 6. Some people say that there is difference between girls’ friendship and boys’ friendship. Now you’ll read the talk between two teenagers. Try to find out that difference.Tom: Is there any difference between girls’ friendship and boysâ €™ friendship? Mary: Yeah, definitely. I mean, it’s much more important for girls having close friends, we can tell each other everything, you know, our secrets and our feelings. We depend on each other much more. If I am upset, I know, I can get support from my best friend. Well, not, actually, from my best friend, but two or three other good friends, as well. Boys are not just like that. They always talk about things: sports, films, technology, whatever, never their feelings. Tom: OK, that’s true most of the times.But we can be very good, very close friends. I know some of my friends would lend me money or support me in a difficult situation. Mary: Boys don’t stick with their old friends. They are always getting new ones. My two best friends are from primary school, so I’ve known them for 15 years. Haven’t you got a friend from primary school? Tom: Well, no. The thing is they have changed, I’ve changed. I don’t think, it’ s a good thing to keep the same friends forever. I just mean, it’s boring. -So, children, is there any difference between girls’ friendship and boys’ friendship? And now let’s speak about an ideal friend. Make a small message on theme â€Å"An Ideal Friend†. Work in groups of 4. Pay attention to the following aspects: -Character -His or her attention to you 8. In conclusion I want to say that not everybody has a real friend. But if we have such a friend it makes our life happier and more interesting. It’s dear to us and we should care for friendship. Especially nowadays it’s necessary, perhaps more than ever to have a devoted friend. Let’s be patient and love each other. â€Å"Real friendship cannot be bought at a fair†.

Leadership and management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Leadership and management - Essay Example In the 1940s and 1950s, many companies operated with very rigid, top-down hierarchies and business leaders at this time were rather annoyed at the concept of giving workers autonomy and decision-making power (Buchanan 2009). Today, however, decentralised business practices focus more on leadership as a primary trait to build followership, which include inspiring employees, building a communal vision and mission, and motivating others using a variety of psycho-social techniques. This is a major break from the traditional role of management, which is defined as planning roles and operations, organising employees and establishing appropriate evaluation methodologies and controls to ensure compliance and productivity (Nickels, McHugh and McHugh 2005). Thus, did Drucker get it right? It would seem so considering that his early conceptions of participative work environments have now become respected models within a variety of domestic and international businesses. However, Drucker’s assessment focuses on the management function, which differs significantly from theories of leadership that are more humanistic in nature, negating the importance of traditional managerial function to gain employee dedication and commitment to achieve organisational goals. This essay makes relevant comparisons to different models of leadership and management in order to understand whether Drucker’s viewpoint is accurate or whether this belief holds little relevance to the contemporary business organisation. The project identifies a real world industry example, along with a personal evaluation of the necessity to maintain strengths in leadership, in order to identify a definitive model of modern business practice that would be most pertinen t in dynamic and ever-changing business environments. Did Drucker actually get it right? In order to address this effectively, one must understand the differences between management and leadership and how they are applied in the contemporary organisation to improve productivity and engage employees to complete tasks according to strategic expectations. Leadership versus management One should consider the management practices in the technology industry, one that is dynamic and where change is constantly present in order to produce innovations that meet time-to-market expectations. Google, a leader in this industry, promotes a highly decentralised business model that provides workers with unique working conditions, including ping pong tables to facilitate collaboration, flexible working hours, and where team-working is a primary goal with minimal managerial supervision (Weber 2007). Google’s team philosophy and this decentralised business model continue to bring the company sig nificant competitive advantages by achieving faster launches of innovative products and services in an environment with very limited managerial presence. Respected models of psychology and sociology strongly iterate that establishment of social belonging in the organisation is a fundamental motivator leading to performance (Maslow 1998; Morris and Maisto 2005). This model defies traditional controlling management practices, instead taking a transformational approach which inspires shared decision-making,

Pros and Cons of Legalizing Marijuana in the U.S Article

Pros and Cons of Legalizing Marijuana in the U.S - Article Example The legalization of marijuana or otherwise known as cannabis could yield positive effects since it can be used to aid in treating some medical diseases. Marijuana is useful to cancer patients to reduce nausea and vomiting resulting from chemotherapy. It is more reasonable than using conventional drugs to treat these side effects for those patients whose health does not improve even after being subjected to them. In some cases, researchers have found some drugs used during the treatment, for example, promethazine cause dizziness, hallucinations or dysphoria (Harman, 2000). Cannabis has been used since the 19th century to relieve pain. Researchers have published numerous articles recommending the use of cannabis as an alternative medicine for curing disorders and other ailments. This narcotic is useful to patients with nerve damage, spasticity, nausea, and even glaucoma since it is an excellent pain and stress reliever. People suffering from HIV/AIDS and Dementia could also benefit from marijuana since it has proven to be an appetite stimulant (Harman, 2000). These are among the many diseases that the patient’s health could be greatly improved by the use of marijuana. The American Research Society and the American Medical Association support the view that clinics used for research should be granted access to more cannabis for better potential medical health improvement. Marijuana has no proven research to show that it is addictive. The anti-legalization of Marijuana group does not give facts that it is bad for one’s health. It is an assump tion based on the bad image people have about it.  Ã‚  

Business extra credit questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Business extra credit questions - Essay Example Therefore, the salesperson at Outdoor Outfitters should have been aware that Neal was 12 years old, and as such could not participate in any formal decision-making. The purchaser of the pair of the ski was negligent. Even after being reminded to practice before purchasing his equipment, he proceeded against the salesperson’s advice. If only had he listened to the advice given to him by the seller’s agent, then he would not have suffered those injuries as a result of the accident. Moreover, if he had practiced before purchasing the pair of ski, then he would not have had the accident to begin with. Every retailer has an obligation to ensure that their consumers are protected. Protection involves giving information relating to a product. Additionally, the seller should ensure that the person to whom the products is being sold is in a position to make wise decisions relating to the use of the product. Therefore, every seller has a duty of care to ensure consumer protection. Though the salesperson informed the 12-year-old that he had to practice first before using the pair of ski, he had a duty of ensuring that Neal did not gain access to the equipment. As such, he could have demanded that the child return with an older person with whom he could engage in a contract. However, he did not do this, and he proceeded to sell the pair of the ski to the minor. In every business transaction, there is always an invitation to trade. This involves the seller inviting the potential buyers to come to the table so as to negotiate the sale of a particular instrument. However, this does not entail that the potential buyer has an obligation to purchase the item in question. The buyer usually has two options in this scenario; either, to accept the offer or reject it. In signing a contract, both parties involved should be in their right state of mind. This involves ensuring that the parties meet the age

Worldview Beliefs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Worldview Beliefs - Essay Example This essay demonstrates and shows that what a person looks like at the present does not matter because as we age, our looks also change so that although we may have once been physically beautiful, with time, this beauty is eroded by age and what is left behind is a shadow of what we once were. However, I believe that inner beauty lasts forever because our character and our actions tend not to change as fast as our physical beauty does. An example of this is the way people care for others and one of these is my best friend who has influenced my worldview on this matter. She is a kind, loving, and helpful person and she has the ability to make others feel better, which makes her a treasured friend to have. In conclusion, I believe that the world would be a better place if only all of us could treat each other with respect and tolerance. We should seek to understand and appreciate that people have diverse opinions due to their backgrounds and experiences in life before passing any judgm ent, as this would stop many of the prejudices which some of us have against others. In addition, I am of the opinion that for people to experience greater success in life they have to develop the virtue of perseverance considering that every undertaking has its challenges. In addition, inner beauty, as opposed to the physical outer beauty, is very important since it outlasts the later. Moreover, inner beauty concerns inherent good characters other than the outward impression, which is often deceiving.... Doing so has also helped me to develop very close friendships with people who I would otherwise have not have had any time for and this has ensured that I have developed friendships which have filled my life. It has enabled me to develop the necessary social skills to interact confidently with people from different backgrounds on an equal basis without any feeling of superiority on my part. Many people consider the ability not to give up or perseverance a virtue and in fact, the majority of the world religions encourage it in their followers. Perseverance, from ancient times, has been one of the keys to success and it is very difficult to achieve any level of success without it. I believe that it involves the ability to be committed to a task that one has set for him or herself, to be able to work hard towards it, and to have the patience and endurance to make sure that this task is fulfilled satisfactorily. Never giving up also involves the ability to be able to bear the difficultie s that one is facing calmly and without any complaint because these tend to explain why many fail to succeed in whatever they are doing. A good example of perseverance is the one that the Wright Brothers had when they were attempting to make a flying machine. Many people had no faith that they would be able to make it and in fact, some even tried to discourage their attempts. Despite all this, the Wright brothers became even more determined to achieve their goal, it is this ability of never giving up that made them create the first airplane, and that is why we are able to travel by air today. There are many definitions of beauty but one of the most of these definitions tends to be based on the physical

How did the successive stages of capitalism change the UK's accounting Essay - 1

How did the successive stages of capitalism change the UK's accounting and financial reporting processes - Essay Example The other is that which supplies his immediate consumption." (Smith, 1776, Web) Revenue in this regard relates to surplus economic production as opposed mere subsistence, but also represents a larger, rational pursuit of this surplus in profit. Yet, it is important to note that Adam Smith does not write specifically of â€Å"capitalism† as a system, but does define the importance of capital in economic relations critically in his analysis. (Novara et al., 2003) In his text â€Å"On Wages† (1817), David Ricardo writes that, "Capital is that part of the wealth of a country which is employed in production, and consists of food, clothing, tools, raw materials, machinery, etc. necessary to give effect to labour." (Ricardo, 1817, Web) Yet, it is Marx who develops capitalism as a system theoretically in his works such as â€Å"Das Kapital† (1867) and others which would inaugurate and define nearly all later intellectual treatment of the subject. (Bryer, 2005) I. A Defin ition of Capitalism In "Wage Labour and Capital" (1849) Marx initiates a fundamental definition of capital: "Capital consists of raw materials, instruments of labour and means of subsistence of all kinds, which are utilized in order to produce new raw materials, new instruments of labour and new means of subsistence... ... ystems, trade, and labor exchanges are found from the early stages of human development historically, but Sombart points to the use of accounting standards as an essential characteristic of capitalism. Through this interpretation, historians can search primary source materials from various societies to determine the degree that accounting records were kept. Where systems of agriculture and early industry involved work relations and paid labor, the development of capitalism historically in the society is evident. Similarly, a community monetary system is essential for the development of marketplace capitalism, as well as the exchange of surpluses in supply and labor. As Basil Yamey writes in "Accounting and the Rise of Capitalism" (1964): "Werner Sombart was largely responsible for the broad thesis that systematic of scientific accounting, identified with the double-entry system, played an important part in releasing, activating or accentuating the 'rationalistic pursuit of profits,' and essential of the capitalist spirit." (Winjum, 1971) III. The Pre-Capitalist Era (4000 BC to 1000AD) In the pre-capitalist era, money systems allowed agriculturalists to trade surplus products in a manner that encouraged the growth of capitalism and forms the basis for economic exchange. Some theorists relate capitalism to a system of political values, as the theory of capitalism developed from within the political context of the 18th Century related to the onset of democracy, liberalism, and modernism historically. This creates the question of whether the political definition of capitalism can be legitimately applied to early commercial, industrial, and agricultural trading activity in England in the pre-historical or feudal period. The development of artisan groups and skilled labor

Writing Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Writing Assignment - Essay Example Our superior staff and workforce, however, have been able to contribute to our steady growth despite overall industry patterns. Our current expansion plans include adding a sizable number of professional, high-tech jobs requiring the skills that you possess. As a former employee, you would have a distinct advantage as a valuable addition to our staff. Many companies are reluctant to rehire their former employees, and EDS has carefully considered the effects of this course of action. We believe strongly that the events that led us to make this offer were the inevitable result of unforeseen business forces. EDS admires your sense of individuality and in no way feels that it reflects on your loyalty or commitment as a business professional. While we can not guarantee that a position will be available for you, or that you would return to your original title, we are open to discussing your future with EDS. I would like to say that we appreciate your past performance and hard work at EDS and sincerely hope that you would consider continuing our positive relationship. I'm confident that as EDS continues to innovate and expand, you could make an important contribution to the future performance and progress of EDS. Again, I would like to say that you have the background and knowledge we are seeking to move EDS forward into the future.

The Lonsdale Operator Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Lonsdale Operator - Essay Example The camera is of course intently focused on the action that is taking place within the given shot; however, there is also inclusion of the men on the bench conversing, as well as off to the far right-hand side of the screen, the inclusion of an individual on a bicycle resting by the side of the road. Although this is not important to the plot or even to the particular scene that is being detailed herein, the fact of the matter is that it helps to provide a given depth and complexity of camera work that was hard if at all utilized prior to the short’s introduction into the annual right-and history.   acquainted with the full gravity of a given situation; however for this time, providing the extra level of focus on a given point or topic was something that was new and had not been experimented with before. Related to this is the use of close-ups that the filmmaker uses. Of course the most famous of these instances is that of the close up that is utilized to reveal to the viewer that the weapon that the young girl has threatened to use is in fact not a weapon at all but a humble wrench. This was for its time a pioneering technique of cinematography as almost each and every shot had formerly neglected the utilization of the close-up. Lastly and perhaps most conspicuously, is the way in which the filmmakers utilize acid colored gels as a means to vividly color certain shots and sequences in blue or red. To the first time viewer or the untrained eye, such a technique may be easily disregarded as troublesome and/or irritating. However, the fact of the matter is that this yet another ma nifestation of the means by which the filmmakers were pioneering and ahead of their own time. For instance, due to the constraints that the current technology had, it was not possible for nuances in voice inflection or speech, in general, to be translated to the viewer as a means of foreboding what a given scene portended (Galenson et al 130). Although the music could and was utilized as a way to perform this action, the fact of the matter was that the use of tinted filters in front of the camera lens helped greatly to instill certain emotions, even if not realized, within the viewer with regards to the mood of a given scene. For the reasons that have herein been specified, the film acts to provide several â€Å"new† techniques whereby following cinematography built upon.

Energy Drinks Introduction Essay Example for Free

Energy Drinks Introduction Essay Energy drinks refer to beverages that contain, besides calories, caffeine in combination with other presumed energy-enhancing ingredients such as taurine, herbal extracts, and B vitamins. They ? rst appeared in Europe and Asia in the 1960s in response to consumer demand for a dietary supplement that would result in increased energy (Reissig and others 2009). In 1962, a Japanese company, Taisho Pharmaceuticals, launched Lipovitan D, one of the very 1st energy drinks, which is still dominating the Japanese market. Lipovitan D contains B vitamins, taurine, and ginseng, which are all frequent constituents of mainstream energy drinks with the intended purpose of providing the consumer with sustained energy, and to reduce mental and physical fatigue (Taisho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. 2009). Energy drinks did not make their way into the U. S. market until 1997 when Red Bull was ? rst introduced, which originated and was initially launched 10 y earlier in Austria (Reissig and others 2009). Since the 1960s, the energy drink market has grown into a multibillion-dollar business which has been reported as being the fastest growing segment in the beverage industry since bottled water (Agriculture and AgriFood Canada 2008). Energy drinks have established a viable position in the beverage market as evidenced by their commonplace consumption in the morning, afternoon, and night, not only by the general consumer, but those of age 18 to 34 in particular (Lal 2007). Athletes initially were the primary consumers of energy drinks. However, as the energy drink market grew and expanded into various niche markets, athletes are no longer the primary target. Today, the majority of energy drinks are targeted at teenagers and young adults 18 to 34 y old due to this generation’s on-the-go lifestyle and receptiveness to advertisements for these types of products (Lal 2007). While the energy drinks and shots market may be a small component of the non-alcoholic beverage industry, it is perhaps the most dynamic market—growing 60% from 2008-2012 according to Packaged Facts estimates in the all-new research report Energy Drinks and Shots: U. S. Market Trends. In 2012, total U. S. sales for the energy drinks and shots market was worth more than $12. 5 billion. Intense competition surrounds the beverage industry as marketers seek to increase market penetration and consumption frequency through positive alignment as a healthy and/or functional beverage. Thirst quencher/sports drinks remain the most formidable competitor for energy drinks as this type of beverage attracts a large constituency of energy drink users. Energy drinks are subject to competition from other energy-boosting beverages such as coffee and tea beverages, as well as an increasing number of new product innovations that tap into the energy trend but are outside of the beverage industry. At present, energy drinks have the lowest consumption rates of any RTD beverage—a point which reflects the market’s relative infancy but also its growth potential. Experian Simmons analysis shows the growth trend of this market, with the incidence of energy drink usage among adults rising from nearly 13% in 2006 to 17% in 2012. In addition, there is a modest segment of heavy users: 5% of adults consume energy drinks 5-7 times per month and less than 2% drink energy drinks 10 or more times. Packaged Facts estimates that energy drinks account for some 78% market share, followed by 18% for energy shots, and energy drink mixes (roughly 4%) in 2012. A few select marketers dominate the energy drinks and shots market. This demonstrates the first mover advantage in each category. The result is a market that is highly dependent on a handful of key brands, namely Red Bull, Monster Energy, 5-Hour Energy, and Rockstar Energy.