The Hidden Truths Behind America - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1247 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2019/04/01 Category Society Essay Level High school Topics: Truth Essay Did you like this example? The American daily lifestyle has changed dramatically over the past few decades. Many people blame this drastic change of cultural norms on society becoming too digitally inclined, and or on modern American politics, but going down further there can be another source found. The goal of this paper is to sort out the articles that are excerpted from the anthology Mirror on America by Joan T. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Hidden Truths Behind America" essay for you Create order Mims and Elizabeth Nollen, as well as Living It Up by James B. Twitchell and Ads, Fads, and Consumer Culture by Arthur Berger into two separate groupings to compare and contrast the differences and similarities between the articles.The collection of articles is written by various authors that explore the ideas of American cultural identity, consumerism, and advertising. Each author uses their own unique examples to help create a distinct focal point in the American society. Despite the differences of the authors concepts of American society, there are connections that can be made. These connections can be grouped into the themes personal desires and segmentation vs.unification. The first grouping of articles are about diversity and cultural identity and correspond with the theme of segmentation vs. unification. People think that America is a very diverse nation, but in reality, America is not as diverse as many people depict it as. In fact looking into communities around America, one can see that there are sections to where people live. The main cause of this segmentation is because people feel more comfortable around other people that we are familiar with. This makes people segregate with people who are like them and creates a community that has its own unique identity. Brooks explains this concept in his article, open a motor home dealership in Montgomery County, Philadelphia, youd probably go broke think RVs are kind of uncool. (82) Looking at this example, it becomes apparent that each place has its own needs and interests, making businesses to think carefully about what areas would help their business flourish. This segmentation is also present in big cities like New York City, which have served as immigration hotspot. Back in the early 20th century, millions of Italian immigrants had immigrated to America. In effect from this, in Manhattan, a Little Italy was made. Surprisingly in Little Italy, the immigrants segmented themselves, the Sicilians congregated on Elizabeth Street, while the Northern Italians occupied Bleecker Street. (Harrington) This indicated how even people from the same country still segmented themselves with the people that are around the same area. Going past communities, segmentation can be seen amongst the people in them. Looking at the articles by Ali and Alvarez, they both explain about how they felt separated from the group of people they were around by using personal experiences. Being a foreign person in any place can make someone feel this separation from others. In Alis case expressing her Middle Eastern ethnicity was hard for her because she didnt want to be i dentified as part of a culture that America loved to hate. (53) She did not feel comfortable expressing her culture freely because of how Western Society depicts Arabic people as bombing terrorist. These cultural differences can also clash with the mainstream media and trends. Some people may want to become something that is beyond what their culture allows, like in Alvarezs article, she could not follow her dreams of being Miss America because according to her culture,girl were to have no aspirations beyond being good wives and mothers. (59) This restriction made her feel inferior to others since the other people around her can become whatever they desire. Communities that are overcoming this segmentation are ones with dense immigration populations. Studies done by a group of scholars show that the racial landscape is beginning to change in America. After evaluating the 2010 census they concluded, The alterations in metropolitan areas have several origins, and immigration-wrought demographic transformations rank high on that score.(Wright et al.181) This means that places with a high immigration population saw a change in which the minorities and majorities started to balance out.According to Rodriguez, intermarriage ratesare highest in states that serve as immigration gateways. (87) So this intermingling can help further balance out the racial landscape in America The second grouping of articles is about consumerism and advertising and corresponds with the theme of personal desires. In America, advertisements are everywhere. From watching videos on YouTube to reading the newspaper, Americans see advertisements in many different forms in their daily life.Chait points out in his article, presents to us a worldof images and ideas created for purpose of selling.(213) So advertisers create our desires through various methods of advertising. One theory on how advertisers make us want their products is a theory called the Agenda Setting Theory. According to an article, this theory means, to make their consumer audience feel dissatisfied with what they currently own or just recently purchased. (Borno 72) This can make us want to desire to get things that we do not necessarily need. For example, a commercial can come on and show us that their refrigerator with a touch sc reen panel is very helpful, while in reality, a touch screen on a refrigerator is not at all necessary for keeping our food cold. Over the past years, the American society has become more technology inclined and the way of advertising has followed that trend. One of these new methods of advertising is viral marketing. According to the Economist, viral marketing is to create something that is so much fun that it will propagate by itself. (260) Advertisers want to create something that is fun so the viewers are more engaged and hope that they will share it with their friends on social media. Advertisements and media also manipulate how we should look. In McLaughlins article she uses the example of how men are beginning to worry about their appearance. She quotes Perrine an editor for Mens Health, men are more and more portrayed as sex objects. (112) The advertisements pressure men to care about their appearance so they can look like the ideal man depicted in the ads. This concept of people imitating others and their desires is a concept that is further explained in Bergers article. Berger explains the mimetic desire like, we desire what others have desired especially those we look up to. (30) This can be seen when our favorite celebrities a ppear in a commercial for a product. Like commercials with Golden State Warriors star player Stephen Curry showing off his shoes from Under Armour. In effect, Footwear sales at Under Armour surged 64% in the first three months of 2016. (Egan) Thanks to Curry and his fans, they made Under Armour a more desirable company for sports products. Also in the American society, the desire for happiness can lead to unnecessary buying. Like Twitchell says, the good life starts with the material life.(288) Though most of the luxurious items are unnecessary to purchase, the prestigious feeling one can get from them is what really makes people desire them. Like using the branding of limited edition can make someone feel more important. In conclusion, the themes of personal desires and segmentation vs. unification both play significant roles in these two grouping of articles. For true diversity to exist in America a more diverse public place needs to be created so there can be a better chance for others to meet people with similar desires, but also have different cultural values. Therefore uniting more communities together and creating a more diverse marketplace.

Essay on note - 1296 Words

Sample Case Analysis (Case 10.1) First read the case carefully. In this instance Cregg Hart is interested in knowing if the rivet diameter from a potential new supplier is the same as the diameter from their existing supplier. This lends itself naturally to do a confidence interval or suitable confidence level, say 95% or do a hypothesis test assuming the mean diameters from the two suppliers are the same. Next open the Excel file which you can download from CANVAS Excel files and into your computer completely free of charge and run with it. What should result from assignment is as follows: Please Note: students in face-to-face classes should turn in a hard copy with a staple on eth top left corner. Students in the online†¦show more content†¦Specifically they imply that we cannot reject the null hypothesis of equal means. Also notice the p_value of 0.82 which implies that if we rejected the equal means hypothesis, we would be making a type I mistake with a probability of roughly 82%. Conclusions / recommendations As the two rivet families have equal mean diameter, statistically speaking, which means that they also have equal strength. This leads us to recommend that if the new supplier is reliable and less expensive, they should be utilized at least for a part of production process at the Motive Power Company until they are totally proved over time and then can be relied upon for their rivets for larger orders. Appendix: As the data was downloaded from CANVAS class file, it is not attached. If this project involved collecting data, it would have been attached in this appendix. Please also note the following information as it appears in your syllabus to help you do cases in this class: On page 5 it says: Case Analysis: Case analysis is essential to understanding the material in this class. Throughout the semester case analysis exercises are assigned in theShow MoreRelatedQuestions On Explaining Your Note Taking Ability Essay847 Words   |  4 Pagesyou will need to be to do the following: 1. Evaluate your note taking ability 2. Improve your test preparation 3. Review Case Studies on Note Taking How would you evaluate your note taking ability? I haven t taken notes in a very long time. At work, I usually just jot things down on a note pad. Then, when I m ready, I transcribe those notes into information. In high school, I was a fairly good note taker, I think. I was organized, ready to listen, and freeRead MoreListening And Note Taking1046 Words   |  5 PagesListening and Note Taking Listening and Note-Taking is essential in order to be successful in all aspects of college. When an individual listens and takes quality notes they retain the information being presented a lot better than if the person did not take notes or listen to what was being lectured. 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Statistics and Business Research Methods Diversity Management

Question: Discuss about the Statistics and Business Research Methods for Diversity Management. Answer: Introduction: In the present competitive business environment, diversity in workplace has emerged as one of the most prime issue that the organizations have to face in order to sustain its position in the market. The concept of workforce diversity and its impact on the performance of the organizations has been a real concern for every economy. Australia is also not an exception, as the economy is facing huge amount of challenges in order to maintain its diversified workforce focused towards the organizational goals. However, the concept of workforce diversity management has able to increase its importance in Australia in past few years, as the economy has experienced lot of challenges to handle its diversified workforce. Therefore, the study will focus on the diversity management issue in the workplace so that it can able assess on the overall organizational performance. Research Aim: The research study aims to identify and evaluate different ways to handle workplace diversity. In addition, the research will focus on providing a necessary guideline to the management so that they can able to handle challenges related to workplace diversity management. Research objectives: In this research study, the focus will be on several factors of the workplace diversity management that the Australian organization is facing in recent times. Thus, the objectives of this research study are as follows: To identify and evaluate the factors that are creating challenges for the Australian organizations to manage its workplace diversity To highlight the potential limitations and advantages of workplace diversity To explore several necessary tools that can help the Australian organizations to manage workplace diversity To recommend best possible way for the Australian organizations to handle workplace diversity Literature review: Workplace diversity: As per the article by Chrobot-Mason Aramovich (2013), workplace diversity is a controversial, complex and political phenomenon. The article also mentions that the workplace diversity has been conceptualized from different viewpoints. Many studies have analyzed the concept from narrow perspectives while many studies also have analyzed it from a broader view. As per the narrow perspective is concern, workplace diversity should be restricted to specific cultures such as gender and race. Many also describe that diversity based on ethnicity, gender and race cannot be understood in the same way as diversity based on companies abilities, functions or cognitive orientations. As describes by Bond Haynes (2014) key issues regarding workplace diversity are those that occur due to the factors like exclusion of cultural groups from traditional companies and discrimination among different cultures. Therefore, the article highlights that if the concept of workplace diversity is inclusive to all t he people, it will become very hard to identify this workplace discrimination practices. On the other hand, Patrick Kumar (2012) describes the concept of workplace diversity from the broader perspectives. In this article, workplace diversity is describes that the differences among the people at the workplace is same. Therefore, workplace diversity studies reflect that every individual is different. The article mentions that workplace diversity has several definitions that have been developed by several studies over the years. As per the article by Chua Joshi (2015) workplace diversity represents a workforce that consist a broad mix of employees from several ethnic and racial background of different ages and genders, and different national and domestic cultures. On the other hand, Thomas (2012) mentions that workplace diversity mean that the companies are becoming more and more heterogeneous mix of people in terms of age, ethnicity, gender and sexual orientation. For this particular reasons, Barak (2013) highlights that implementation of diversified workforce can create lot of obstacles on the path of success for an organization. However, many studies have counter this conclusion that workplace diversity has negative impact on the organizational success. As per the article by Babalola Marques (2013) implementation of diversified workforce can create huge amount of positive impact on the path of organizational success as well. For instance, workplace diversity allows people from different culture and country to work for an organization with the same organizational goal. Therefore, it allows organization to enrich the knowledge of the employees. In addition, workplace diversity allows organization to have the best possible talent from the market. Thus, it helps organizations to increase it productivity and efficiency level as well. As per the article by Lawton De Aquino (2015), workplace diversity can be categorized in to two dimensions namely primary dimensions and secondary dimensions. Primary dimension regarding workplace diversity includes factors like physical ability, sexual orientation, gender and ethnicity. On the other hand, secondary dimension regarding workplace diversity mainly includes factor like religion, education, believes, marital status and family background. Thus, it reflects that organizations not only have to consider primary factors but also the secondary factors in order to manage their diversified workforce. Workplace diversity management: As describes by Mahadevan (2015) there are numerous ways by which workplace diversity can be describe. It also highlights that there is no specific definition is present for workplace diversity. Thus, organization will have to consider several factors in order to manage workplace diversity. For instance, the article highlights that significant increase in the minority and women population in the community enforces the organizations to increase the diversity within the organization. Thus, there is no unique solution for managing workplace diversity. However, as opined by Grivastava Kleiner (2015) organizations can follow five steps in order to manage workplace diversity. Firstly, organizations will have to focus on the communication process. Since, people from different culture have different ways of sharing their thoughts and believes. Since, effective communication process will help employees to understand policies, procedures and other important information. It also helps employee s to overcome cultural and language barriers. Secondly, the article mentions that the organization will have to view all its employees as a separate individual so that it can able to avoid both positive and negative stereotypes. Thus, organizations have to evaluate success and failures individually so that it cannot able to create a negative impression about among a particular group within the organization. Thirdly, the article mentions that organizations will have to encourage employees to work in a diverse group. Therefore, organizations will have to educate employees about the kind of benefits that they can able to receive by working in a diverse group. As it allows the employees learn about different perspectives regarding a particular work, it will help them to recognize their strengths and weaknesses. Fourthly, organizations will have to formulate its decisions based on the objective criteria. It reflects that organizations will have to set same goals for the entire group. Sin ce, creating separate goals for separate set of people increases the negative impact of workplace diversity. Similarly, organizations also will have to formulate administrative decisions same for all the employees in order to manage its diverse workforce effectively. Fifthly, the article highlights that organizations will have to be open minded at the time of including any employee from different culture. The organizations will have to ensure that all the employees is treated in a similar fashion in order to manage its workplace diversity effectively. Literature gap: From the above discussion, it can be assess that the concept of workplace diversity management is a very vast concept. Therefore, it does not allow organizations to have a unique solution in order to handle the diversified workforce challenges. Furthermore, globalization has allows organization to recruit people from different part of the world so that it can able to have the best possible talent available in the world market. Therefore, it increases the ratio of workplace diversity. Specially, in the countries like Australia where people from all part of the world come to have a better job opportunity, management of workplace diversity has become a huge challenge. Therefore, the focus of this research study will be to analyze all the factors related to workplace diversity so that it can able to identify a best possible way for the Australian organization to handle the issue. The study will also focus on to highlight the kind of advantage an organization can able to receive by handli ng its diversified workforce in an effective manner. Research questions: The research questions for analyzing workplace diversity management are as follows: What are the prime factors that can create challenges for the Australian organizations to manage its workplace diversity? What are the potential limitations and advantages of workplace diversity? Which are the necessary tools that can help the Australian organizations to manage workplace diversity? What will be the recommended way for the Australian organizations to handle workplace diversity? Research methodologies: As describes by Miller et al. (2012) research methodology is among one of the most significant factor that can help any research study to fulfill its objective. The article highlights that research methodology includes many techniques and tools that can assist the researcher to analyze the objective of the research. The article also highlights that the selection of research methodology is highly correlated with the nature of the research study. Since, diversity management workforce is an extremely vast topic the researcher will have to implement specific methods so that the research topic can able to fulfill its objective. Traditionally, research design has three parts such as exploratory, explanatory and descriptive research design (Taylor, Bogdan DeVault, 2015). For evaluating workplace diversity, the researcher will utilize exploratory design. Since, it has the potential to help the researcher to explore the research topic in a detailed way. The researcher will also focus on the exploratory research design, as it can help the researcher to gather in-depth information about the workplace diversity. The researcher will gather in-depth information so that the research study can able to evaluate all the factors much more effectively. The researcher will also focus on the exploratory research design, as it can assist to identify different elements and factors related to the research topic. It also helps the researcher to categories these elements and factors in different groups or team in order to have an in-depth study of the research topic. On the other hand, the researcher will not consider other research design, as it can create barrier on the path of completion of the research within the given timeframe. As per the article by Creswell (2013), research approach can be a significant factor that can help the researcher to have in-depth information about the research topic. Traditionally, researchers utilize two research approaches deductive research approach and inductive research approach. For this particular research topic, the research will implement inductive approach. Since, it has the potential to help the researcher analyze gather information about the research topic. In addition, data intensity is extremely high for inductive approach that can help the researcher to analyze the collected information about the research topic in an effective way. Furthermore, the researcher will select inductive research approach, as it will help to develop empirical generalization and also will help to develop relationship among all factors of the research topic. Research philosophy is another significant factor that the researcher will have to consider in order to fulfill the objective of the study. Traditionally, research philosophy divided into three parts namely positivism research philosophy, interpretivism research philosophy and realism research philosophy. For analyzing diversity management issue, the researcher will focus on the positivism research philosophy. Since, it can assist to cover all aspect of the research study. Furthermore, positivism philosophy allows the researcher to analyze the captured information in an effective way. Moreover, the researcher will look to utilize positivism approach, as it can help the researcher to focus more on the factual evidence and real facts regarding to the workplace diversity. Project plan: Gantt Chart Final Research Proposal: Diversity management at workplacein Australia Research Activities 1-3 week 4-8 week 9-11 week 12-14 week Selection of the Research Topic Research Discussion on topic Literature review Selection of Research Methodology Development of project Plan Selection of Research process Selection of Data Collection and Analysis Techniques Compilation of all the research work Submit Final Proposal Table 1: Gantt chart (Source: As created by the author) Research process description: As per the article by Repko Szostak (2016) utilization of correct research process can help the researcher to complete the entire research study within the given timeframe. For analyzing workplace diversity management, the researcher will try to execute a systematic process. Since, it can help the researcher to cover all the factors related to the research topic. Now, for implementation of systematic process, the researcher will implement a series of steps. First step of the research process will focus on the identification of prime elements regarding the concept of workplace diversity. In the second step of the research process, the researcher will focus on the formulation of research aim and objectives. The researcher will consider developing aim and objective so that the study can able to have a direction regarding the completion of the research study. In the third step of the research process, the researcher will focus on the construction of the literature review portion. In thi s part, the researcher will conduct an in-depth analysis of the previous studies, theories and concepts so that research study can able to increase its significance. In addition, development of literature review will also allow the researcher to gather in-depth knowledge about the workplace diversity management. In this part, the researcher will utilize several secondary sources to capture information relevant to the workplace diversity management. In the fourth step of the research process, the researcher will focus on the data collection technique. The researcher will consider data collection, as it will help the research study to have a practical outlook. Moreover, data collection will help the research study to consider different perspectives regarding the concept of workplace diversity management. In the fifth step of the research process, the researcher will focus on to the data analysis part. The researcher will utilize data analysis technique, as it can help the study to ful fill its aim and goals effectively. In the final step of the research process, the researcher will compile the entire study. The researcher will focus on the compilation so that the research study can able to depict the outcome of the study in an effective manner. Figure 1: Research process (Source: Gray Malins, 2016) Data collection and analysis techniques: Data collection techniques: As per the article by Giulietti et al. (2015), data collection is arguably the most significant factor that the researcher will have to focus for the successful completion of the study. For evaluation of the concept of workplace diversity management, the researcher will utilize both primary and secondary data collection technique. The researcher will collect secondary data for the effective development of the literature review. As the literature review is an important portion that can add value to the research study, the researcher will utilize newspaper, business magazines, trusted websites and books to collect relevant information about workplace diversity. On the other hand, the researcher will collect primary data in order to give a practical outlook to the research outcome. The researcher will implement both quantitative as well as qualitative research technique in order to collect primary data from the respondent. The researcher will select 80 respondents whom are working at ex ecutive level in different organizations. The researcher will prepare quantitative questionnaires that will include only closed-end questions for these respondents. The researcher will utilize social media and other online platform to collect information from these respondents. On the other hand, the researcher will select 8 mangers from different organizations to collect qualitative information about the research topic. In order to collect qualitative information about the research topic, the researcher will develop another qualitative questionnaire that will only contain open-end questions. The researcher will implement face-to-face interview process to collect qualitative information from the managers. The researcher will initiate face-to-face interview process in order to assess different perspectives of the respondents. Data analysis techniques: After the collection of primary and secondary data relevant to the research topic, the researcher will focus on the data analysis technique. For the effective implementation of data analysis, the researcher will focus on the sampling techniques. Normally, sampling technique has two parts namely probability sampling technique and non-probability sampling technique. For the evaluation of workplace diversity, the researcher will select non-probability sampling technique. The researcher will choose non-probability sampling technique, as it can assist to collect relevant information about the research topic. Furthermore, the researcher will utilize different types of statistical tools for the effective analysis of the captured information. Since, the researcher focusing on to utilizing both quantitative and qualitative technique, statistical tool can able to help the study to analyze the data for the fulfillment of the research objectives. In case of quantitative data, the researcher will use statistical tools like mean, median and mode so that the outcome of the analysis can able to describe a trend regarding the issue of workplace diversity management. On the other hand, the researcher will use statistical tools like regression, standard deviation and correlation technique to analyze the captured qualitative information about the research topic. The researcher will focus on the statistical intervention to add value to the research study. Expected outcomes: From the above discussion, it can be expected that the research study will highlight workplace diversity is one of the major issues that every organization will have to consider. It is also expected that the outcome of the research will able to emphasize that workplace diversity can have huge amount of positive impact on the organizational performances. Therefore, it is expected that the research study will able to exhibit that if an organization cannot able to handle the workplace diversity in a proper way then it have the potential to create huge amount of negative impact on the organizational performance as well. The outcome of the research study also expected to highlight the necessary tools that the Australian organization will require in order to manage workplace diversity properly. References: Babalola, S. S., Marques, L. (2013). Integrated Approach to Workplace Diversity through Human Resource Management.Journal of Social and Development Sciences,4(9), 435. Barak, M. E. M. (2013).Managing diversity: Toward a globally inclusive workplace. Sage Publications. Bond, M. A., Haynes, M. C. (2014). Workplace diversity: A socialecological framework and policy implications.Social Issues and Policy Review,8(1), 167-201. Chrobot-Mason, D., Aramovich, N. P. (2013). The psychological benefits of creating an affirming climate for workplace diversity.Group Organization Management,38(6), 659-689. Chua, R., Joshi, H. (2015). Managing Workplace Diversity. Creswell, J. W. (2013).Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage publications. Giulietti, M., Grillo, G., Liuni, S., Pesole, G. (2015). A Guideline for the Annotation of UTR Regulatory Elements in the UTRsite Collection.RNA Bioinformatics, 339-348. Gray, C., Malins, J. (2016).Visualizing research: A guide to the research process in art and design. Routledge. Grivastava, S., Kleiner, B. (2015). Managing Cultural Diversity In The Workplace.Journal of International Diversity,2015(1). Lawton, D. S., De Aquino, C. T. E. (2015). Diversity in the Workplace and the Impact of Work Values on the Effectiveness of Multi-Generational Teams.i-Manager's Journal on Management,10(3), 20. Mahadevan, J. (2015). Nomadic identities and workplace diversity: implications for theory and practice.Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal,34(4). Miller, T., Birch, M., Mauthner, M., Jessop, J. (Eds.). (2012).Ethics in qualitative research. Sage. Patrick, H. A., Kumar, V. R. (2012). Managing Workplace Diversity.Sage Open,2(2), 2158244012444615. Repko, A. F., Szostak, R. (2016).Interdisciplinary research: Process and theory. Sage Publications. Taylor, S. J., Bogdan, R., DeVault, M. (2015).Introduction to qualitative research methods: A guidebook and resource. John Wiley Sons. Thomas, K. M. (Ed.). (2012).Diversity resistance in organizations. Psychology Press.

Speech on Air Pollution Essay Example

Speech on Air Pollution Paper Therefore, ozone is at its peak during hot summer days. Exposure to high levels of ozone can have serious consequences on your health. It can cause respiratory disease, loss of pulmonary elasticity, and premature aging of our lungs. Next, is acid rain, which OCCUrs in the atmosphere in the form Of sulfur and nitrogen oxide. These pollutants can have serious damaging affects on aquatic, forest and wildlife ecosystems, as well as deterioration of buildings. Carbon monoxide is another form of pollution. It reduces the bloods ability to carry oxygen. If a human is exposed to higher levels, it can cause chest pains, angina attacks or even death. Coal-burning power plants and motor vehicles are among the largest contributors to air pollution. Around 70% of the carbon monoxide found in the Northeast comes from cars. They also are the biggest source of hydrocarbon and nitrogen oxide emissions which help form ozone. Acid rain deposits are found in fossil fuels emitted from utility and industrial sources. The power plants that were built before the 1 977 Clean Air Act did not have to comply because they were supposed to be phased out eventually. We will write a custom essay sample on Speech on Air Pollution specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Speech on Air Pollution specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Speech on Air Pollution specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Many are still operating today, releasing much more pollution than modern plants. 97 percent of the acid rain and haze-causing sulfur dioxide, 85 percent of the ozone smog-causing nitrogen oxide, and 99 percent of the toxic mercury pollution come from the utility sector. Unfortunately, these pollutants can be carried in the atmosphere by weather systems. Thus, they can travel for hundreds of miles causing damage as they go. Acid deposits in the soil can have devastating affects in the forest. It gradually causes the loss of plant nutrients, calcium and magnesium. This leads to dying off of trees in the forest. Also, acid deposits in lakes and streams have led to a drop in fish production. Mercury is another source of pollution which can be harmful to humans and wildlife. It comes from the emissions of coal-burning power plants and is deposited into the air and water. This chemical damages the nervous system, and has a detrimental affect on reproduction and prenatal development. Greenhouse gases, carbon dioxide and methane, absorb energy radiated by the Earth and then send it back into our atmosphere as heat. This is called the greenhouse effect. During the last century, with the increased use of fuels, the levels of these gases have increased dramatically. The result has been an increase in the Earths temperature causing ice masses to melt and sea levels to rise. Coastal flooding in some areas and droughts in others have affected plant and animal life. Changes in climates have also occurred which affects wildlife and ecosystems. In my opinion, air pollution can and is having a devastating affect on the entire planet. We have already seen some of its affects. Forests are shrinking, some types of exotic plant and wildlife have become endangered or even extinct. We all need to work together to make sure that regulations are upheld. We must become the watchdogs and enforcers so that air pollution does not win and rob us of our future generations. Here in the Northeast, states are working together to find ways to reduce pollution. They have established programs to regulate emissions of hazardous air pollutants. Federal standards, such as the sasss Clean Air Act, have been implemented which states must comply with.

Renaissance Traits Essay

Renaissance Traits Essay Renaissance Traits Essay Classicism: studying Greek + Roman Latin + Greek, educated Study of Cicero and Plato, Self awareness. EX: Ficino attempted to synthesize Plato and Christianity. He was the first to come up with the hierarchy of beings-from God to Animals. It was a mans choice whether he would grow great. Virtà ¹: Man’s ability to shape the world around them with their will. Individualism: Rising throughout the Reinissance: Less Guilds, more Individual pride. Ex: Alberti: talented reinissance man who wrote an Autobriography. Humanism: â€Å"Liberal Studies† Roman Greek writing. Philosophy, classics. More attention to the human body in art, Michelangolo’s David. Secularism: Less attention to God, became more Individually concerned. God fell out of the picture. EX: The Courtier-book on how to raise young men: lots of stuff on writing and greek yada yada, no mention of piety. People study humanism instead of the usual Gods. Feudal: Kings-Vassals-Serfs. People went to the nobles for protection, after Charlemange’s empire collapsed. Lords and vassals (both are of noble status) Reciprocal obligations = contractual Lord owes to vassal: land (fief), protection Lord’s court/council Vassal owes to lord: would agree to fight for the Lord at his request, would attend the Lord’s court. Manorialism – basic economic system; communal, open field farming, 2-field system. Lords (nobles) and serfs (lower class, commoners) Manorialism made all peasants (serfs) completely dependent upon their masters. The lord had control over their estates, or manors, and the serfs. The serfs worked for the master, while the master provided food, housing and defense. The manor usually consisted of a village for the serfs (sometimes a church and mill), manor house for the lord, farmable land, pastures for livestock, and other land such as streams or meadows and forests. Compare with Reinissance Traits Group VS. Individual Religious VS. Secular Insular (uninterested in cultures) VS. Well learned Reinissance (1350-1550) Rebirth of economic and poltical in city states of northern Italy. Began in Italy because of great Trade, surplus of food and wealth. Extra people for crafts. Charactersitics: Great achievments in art )better perspective and detail) Literary achievments and science and math. Italien city states: why are they conductive Popolo: Common people; unhappy Signori: One man ruled and handed down-kept faà §ade up Oligarchy: Certain people ruled and kept faà §ade up Because of Individualism these wealthy people would commission great works of art to show their wealth. Reputation was everything do something for the public and they will like you. Less Religion: Nicholas Machevalli wrote The prince first modern guide to politics. Leader whould be ruthless and do whats necessary to keep power-not piety or morals. Differs from medivial. Christian Humanism/north: combines Christianity and classics. More-wrote a crticial edition of the new testament so everyone could

Phronesis Definition and Examples

Phronesis Definition and Examples In classical rhetoric, phronesis is prudence or practical wisdom. Adjective: phronetic. In the ethical treatise On Virtues and Vices (sometimes attributed to Aristotle), phronesis is characterized as the wisdom to take counsel, to judge the goods and evils and all the things in life that are desirable and to be avoided, to use all the available goods finely, to behave rightly in society, to observe due occasions, to employ both speech and action with sagacity, to have expert knowledge of all things that are useful (translated by H. Rackam). Etymology:From the Greek, think, understand Practical Wisdom [The] concept of persuasion points . . . to the human capacity for practical judgment. By judgment I mean the mental activity of responding to particular situations in a way that draws upon our sensations, beliefs, and emotions without being dictated by them in any way reducible to a simple rule. This kind of judgment may involve integrating new information into existing patterns of thought, readjusting those patterns to make room for a new perspective, or both. There are several sorts of judgmentlogical, aesthetic, political, and perhaps othersbut the concept I have in mind is linked most closely to what Aristotle called practical wisdom, or phronesis, and what Aquinas discussed as prudence, and it is also linked to our idea of common sense.(Bryan Garsten, Saving Persuasion: A Defense of Rhetoric and Judgment. Harvard Univ. Press, 2006) Phronesis in Speakers and Audiences To the extent that rhetoric is conceived as an art, capable of practical refinement, phronēsis, or practical wisdom, is often considered to be one of the by-products or relational goods enhanced and cultivated through rhetorical conduct. For Aristotle, practical wisdom was one of the rhetorical constituents of ethos. But perhaps most important, this overriding intellectual virtue was also cultivated in audiences through the practice of deliberation. In fact, the methods of invention and argument, along with the vast array of commonplaces and topoi, may all be conceived as devices for the enhancement of phronēsis in speakers and audiences.(Thomas B. Farrell, Phronēsis. Encyclopedia of Rhetoric and Composition: Communication from Ancient Times to the Information Age, ed. by Theresa Enos. Routledge, 1996) Phronesis and Invented Ethos Reasoning persuades because we think it is a sign of character. No one infers that because someone is a doctor and knows health, that the doctor is therefore healthy. But we make that ​inference all the time with respect to rhetoric and phronēsis. We assume that if someone can give good advice, he or she must be a good person. Such inferences are grounded in the belief that phronēsis and goodness are more than knowledge. Reasoning is persuasive to us because it is evidence, fallible and defeasible as all such evidence must be, of phronēsis and character.It is evidence for the character created in the speech [that is, invented ethos].(Eugene Carver, Aristotles Rhetoric: An Art of Character. Univ. of Chicago Press, 1994) The Example of Pericles In the Rhetoric [of Aristotle], Pericles is an exemplary figure of rhetorical effectiveness both for his skillful choice of persuasive strategies and for the persuasive appeal of his own character. That is, Pericles exemplifies how closely successful rhetoric is tied to phronēsis: the best rhetors possess a practical wisdom that can discern the most effective means of persuasion in any specific situation, including an appeal to their own reputations as persons of practical wisdom. Aristotle builds the phronetic power of discernment into his influential definition of rhetoric as the ability, in each particular case, to see the available means of persuasion . . ..(Steven Mailloux, Rhetorical Hermeneutics Still Again: or, On the Track of Phronēsis. A Companion to Rhetoric and Rhetorical Criticism, ed. by Walter Jost and Wendy Olmsted. Wiley-Blackwell, 2004)

Health of the Family Business "Consultant Report" Research Paper

Health of the Family Business "Consultant Report" - Research Paper Example Furthermore, these challenges may also come from the key stakeholders like the employees. If these challenges are not properly handled, they can contribute to the collapse of the business. These challenges can only be solved through communication. The owner of the business may initiate communication by the members of the family and the stakeholders to solve the issue at hand. The family business has no legal definition, and most people or commentators provide a variety of different ways of defining it (Danes, Haberman, & McTavish, 2005). Some people have given a broader definition like any business that regards its self as a business of a family. This so even if the family members are no longer part of the management of the business or are not anymore involved in the ownership of the business. In short the culture of the family business is enough for a business to qualify to be called a family business. In many economies around the world, family businesses are becoming very important. Their global economic growth sustainability as the business family of today carries the economic creating of wealth in most of the countries around the global. In the United Kingdom, a great number of businesses are categorized as a family business (Morck, & Yeung, 2003). In many places, a family business is same as most of the business organizations as a means of utilizing the available wealth creation opportunities to provide for the financial well-being of the family. Most of the organizations that are successful such as Ford, BMW, Wal-Mart, and Carrefour were mostly started by people who went on to build the Empire of their families (Allio, & Allio, 2005). It can be concluded that family business plays a vital role ion the development of the economy. This is not only through the contribution of their business but also creating an environment for investment that is transparent, safe, open and secure. Lit is important to consider different factors when talking of

Social intelligence Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Social intelligence - Assignment Example They should be aware of the unspoken setting patterns, social regulations, and paradigms that govern different situations. Appreciation of various views from people and an understanding of the way these people react to uncertainty, stress, and conflicts should be part of a leader. 2. Leaders should be present This is the way a leader affects groups or individuals through his or her body language, physical appearance, how he occupies space in his office, as well as his demeanor and mood. Leaders ought to have listening skills to create a quality of effectiveness self assurance that allows them to relate well with others. 3. They should be Authentic Authenticity reveals how sincere and honest leaders are with themselves and with the rest. According to Albrecht, when leaders respect themselves, believe in their personal faiths and values, and are realistic, they will probably serve others with authenticity. In this context, authenticity entails the capacity relate genuinely with others, a value that demands compassion and empathy. 4. Leaders should be clear Clarity means that leaders should express their opinions, thoughts, intentions, and ideas in a clear way. They should understand the power of language as a means of expression and thought, and thus use it as a strategic asset. Leaders with high social integrity clarity can monitor their language patters as well as that of others, in order to avoid particular pathologies that can result to personal and collective disputes, misunderstandings, and maladjustments. 5. Leaders should embrace Empathy They should look at how considerate and really aware they are of how others feel and how capable they are to treat other people as unique persons. It is all about identifying with those who are below and sharing or appreciating their feelings. Albrecht views this strategy as a sense of connectedness and a state of positive feeling or rapport between two people. Protecting oneself from toxic personality Toxic personality o r behaviors are those which make others feel inadequate, angry, guilty, devalued, and frustrated. If one of my family members has these personalities, I can protect myself from letting his negativity by using the nourishing behaviors. I can do this by analyzing the few positive traits of my sibling, and how important he is in my life, such as by determining what critical roles he plays in terms of my overall composure and well being. If he has a value that may bring the best in me such as paying my school fees, even though he is harsh or abusive, I can ignore the â€Å"grenade† side of him and appreciate him in the well-being point of view. Proximity interaction zones and non-verbal cues According to Albrecht, social intelligence involves correct interpretation based on social signs of nonverbal behavioral cues and generation of non-verbal cues displaying social signals suitable in a given situation (Albrecht 2005). If I enter in a room a â€Å"Mix and Mingle† Business and people are already talking in groups, I would introduce myself by expressing some sense of happiness through a genuine smile. The second step will be to make an aye contact with the person close to me, a nonverbal cue that will engage the gathering and show my interest in participating in the discussion. For any leader who might get himself in a situation like mine, I recommend that he should first of all learn how to use positive body language signals. If people

The Country Wife- Contextual Section Essay Example for Free

The Country Wife- Contextual Section Essay William Wycherley wrote The Country Wife in 1675 during the Restoration Period in England. He was born in 1641 at Clive Hall near Shrewsbury to a wealthy family, and he was educated in France where he spent most of his youth. Once Charles II was restored, he returned to England to study at Oxford, and then became a fine, fashionable gentleman in London, of strong intellectual power. There he was able to observe the attitudes and actions of similarly constituted social groups, whom would later be the basis of his plays. The Country Wife is a Restoration Comedy as it was written during the forty years after the restoration of King Charles II to the English throne. He had a particular passion for the theatre, and its development during this period was largely down to him. The civil war in 1642- the Puritan Revolution- had seen his father Charles I beheaded and Oliver Cromwell become the leader of England. This eighteen-year period- the interregnum- saw the puritans discourage and eventually completely ban drama, due to its connections with the monarchy and its immoral non-puritan values. After King Charles II was restored and therefore theatre, there was a general feeling of happiness and freedom in the country. People were interested in enjoying themselves after the long period of drudgery, thus increasing the popularity of theatre. The plays themselves were much more cheerful compared to the Elizabethan and Jacobean plays that they had proceeded, prompting the introduction of the Comedy of Manners. People wanted to laugh. There were other huge differences to how English Theatre was pre 1642. There were machinery allowing objects to fly and move, and there was moveable scenery permitting plays to be divided into scenes. This aided comedy of manners productions like The Country Wife to create a sense of deceit by allowing characters to hide and make numerous entrances and exits for example. However, the greatest change was that women were allowed on the stage. This was a novelty and plays were then able to use their sex appeal and flirtatiousness to include raunchier storylines, such as Horner and his many conquests in The Country Wife. Actresses spoke the prologue and epilogue, to charm the audience into applause and they established a sexual commerce with them. Many of the actresses entered the profession as orange sellers, and their talent as actresses was questioned due to their frequent liaisons with the aristocracy, including the King and Samuel Pepys. This is where the sexual connotations of oranges in The Country Wife originate.

Essay --

Is Free Health Care Really Free? Is the health care the government providing really free or not? Free Government Health Care - sometimes Universal health care usually refers to a health care system which provides free healthcare and financial protection to all its citizens. Free or Universal healthcare is against the 1st and 9th amendment. Its against the 1st amendment because people see it as a violation of the right of assembly. Its against the 9th amendment because there are more rights for the americans than the ones that are in the constitution. Free/Universal healthcare has been a more wanted thing for the less fortunate because it covers everything a normal person needs so they do not have to worry about losing their health care and not being able to go to the hospital. I am towards it because there are people in the world that cannot afford health care so if they can get on a computer or use a payphone and sign up. Because if someone were to get a disease and does not have health care it could spread and t hey just might die. Most other people are against this because their ...

Kudler Fine Foods IT Security Presentation Essay

General Questions – General Academic Questions CMGT/400 Week 5 Learning Team Kudler Fine Foods IT Security Report and Presentation Develop a 3,000- to 3,500-word report for the CIO of Kudler Fine Foods.  · This report should cover the material from the previous weeks, providing a comprehensive look at the key safeguards needed for the project at each stage of the systems development processes.  · The report should have clear recommendations to ensure that the final frequent shopper program system is properly secured against likely threats. Include the requirements for future audit provisions the internal staff may use to validate the security measures in the system. Prepare a presentation to executive management at Kudler Fine Foods of the need to make the changes recommended in the paper.  · The presentation should be 8 – 10 slides in length.  · The presentation must include appropriate graphics, and may be in a Microsoft ® PowerPoint ®presentation format.  · Online students will submit a presentation that must include detailed speaker notes.   It is important that you map out your first day at school before your actual first day. Plan out the best strategy for navigating the campus, learning the amount of time it will take to get from class to class. In addition, find the other places that you plan to visit frequently, and note their  location on your map. This document of CMGT 400 Week 5 Presentation includes: Kudler Fine Foods IT Security Presentation General Questions – General Academic Questions CMGT/400 Week 5 Learning Team Kudler Fine Foods IT Security Report and Presentation Develop a 3,000- to 3,500-word report for the CIO of Kudler Fine Foods. For downloading more tutorials visit – https://bitly.com/1rubupQ It is important that you map out your first day at school before your actual first day. Plan out the best strategy for navigating the campus, learning the amount of time it will take to get from class to class. In addition, find the other places that you plan to visit frequently, and note their location on your map. General Questions – General Academic Questions CMGT/400 Week 5 Learning Team Kudler Fine Foods IT Security Report and Presentation Develop a 3,000- to 3,500-word report for the CIO of Kudler Fine Foods.  · This report should cover the material from the previous weeks, providing a comprehensive look at the key safeguards needed for the project at each stage of the systems development processes.  · The report should have clear recommendations to ensure that the final frequent shopper program system is properly secured against likely threats. Include the requirements for future audit provisions the internal staff may  use to validate the security measures in the system. Prepare a presentation to executive management at Kudler Fine Foods of the need to make the changes recommended in the paper.  · The presentation should be 8 – 10 slides in length.  · The presentation must include appropriate graphics, and may be in a Microsoft ® PowerPoint ®presentation format.  · Online students will submit a presentation that must include detailed speaker notes. †¦

Child Abuse and Neglect

This paper will discuss child abuse and neglect and the lasting effects left on a child. The main types of abuse and neglect explained are emotional abuse, psychological abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse, medical neglect, educational neglect, emotional neglect, and physical neglect. Included are some warning signs of these different types of abuse and neglect and the legal definitions of each. It is important to understand that all of these forms of abuse and neglect are different and contain varying symptoms, signs, and effects.In addition, the paper discusses uggestions on how to mediate some of these forms of abuse and neglect, including better reporting programs and better parental education. With each different form of abuse and neglect children are left with a multitude of problems and obstacles to face in the future. Throughout the paper and use of statistics, it is evident that child abuse and neglect is a much more serious problem than most of the public is aware.Child Abu se and Neglect A Review of the Literature Between 1,460 and 2,555 children die every year due to child abuse and neglect; meaning that on average, between four and seven children die daily. In a classroom of 20 children, 13 will have been abused or neglected (Childhelp, 2013). These statistics should be shocking to anyone. Child abuse and neglect is an extremely understated problem in American society.The federal definition of child abuse and neglect is â€Å"any recent act or failure to act on the part of a parent or caretaker that results in death, serious physical or emotional harm, sexual abuse, or exploitation† or â€Å"an act or failure to act that presents an imminent risk of serious harm† (Gosselin, 2009, p. 93). Although this is the set definition, there can be different variations of t depending on specific state laws. Child abuse and neglect occur in many varying forms and do not always appear in the same manner.Some types of abuse and neglect include emotio nal abuse, psychological abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse, educational neglect, medical neglect, emotional neglect, and physical neglect. This paper will discuss the signs of these various forms of child abuse and neglect as well as provide insight to the effects on children. Emotional Abuse Emotional and psychological abuse of children is one of the most commonly overlooked forms of abuse (American Humane Association, 2013).This may be due to the fact that there is no physical abuse occurring for people to notice. Also, not as many people know that emotional and psychological child abuse is happening. One of the biggest problems with forms of emotional and psychological abuse it that it is almost impossible to detect while it is occurring. Often times, it is not noticed until much later in a child's life. Emotional abuse is something that most people have experienced in their lifetime, but not to an extreme extent.Some examples of emotional abuse include â€Å"constant belittli ng, shaming, and humiliating a child, name alling, making negative comparisons to others, frequent yelling, threatening, or bullying, ignoring or rejecting a child as a punishment, and limited physical contact (hugs or kisses)† (Smith, 2013). Parents discipline their children in different ways and have varying methods of punishment, but to constantly belittle or threaten one's child is something much different. This type of abuse is a very painful one for children to experience because they often blame themselves and wonder why their parents are treating them this way.Emotional abuse can lead to impairments in hildren's emotional development and their sense of well-being. Psychological Abuse Along with emotional abuse, psychological abuse can be Just as harmful. Psychological abuse is more of a game of power, where parents control their children and make them believe, for example, that they are worthless. This leads to serious psychological problems and can cause many disorder s such as â€Å"anxiety, depression, withdrawal, or aggressive behavior† (Gosselin, 2009, p. 96).To some parents, using the old saying, â€Å"sticks and stones may break my bones but words can never hurt me† is ustification enough for this type of abuse. Most parents do not understand that their children are not able to handle ridicule and harassment as well as adults. To children, having their parents make comments to them can affect their psyche for the rest of their lives. In at least one study, â€Å"about 80% of 21 year olds that were abused as children met criteria for at least one psychological disorder† (Childhelp, 2013).Many parents who do abuse their children emotionally or psychologically believe that it is not abuse because they are making them stronger and preparing them for eople who will be mean and hurtful to them in the future. However, these parents are leaving their children with damaged mental health and social development problems that can l eave lifelong scars on their children. Physical Abuse Physical and sexual abuse of a child can leave these same psychological scars, but are also accompanied by physical scars as well. It is estimated that â€Å"more than 90% of Juvenile sexual abuse victims know their perpetrator in some way' (Childhelp, 2013).Children are vulnerable to this type of abuse because they trust the people ho are supposed to take care of them and look after them, making it extremely easy for their caretakers to take advantage of them. Physical abuse is generally defined as â€Å"any non-accidental physical injury to the child and can include striking, stabbing, kicking, burning, or biting the child, or any action that results in a physical impairment or death of a child such as shaking or throwing† (Gosselin, 2009, p. 100). Regarding physical abuse, many parents defend their abuse and claim that it is a form of discipline for the child.These parents do not understand the difference etween discip line and abuse, which can often indicate that they were disciplined the same way. Some signs of physical abuse in children are: â€Å"frequent injuries or unexplained bruises, welts, or cuts; injuries that have a pattern, such as a belt or hand; shies away from touch; seems afraid to go home; flinches at sudden movements; and a child who is always on alert for something bad to happen† (Smith, 2013). Physical abuse can go unnoticed for long periods of time because children can cover up their scars or hide their injuries, but most of the time, it is bound to be discovered.Sexual Abuse Sexual abuse, however, is not as noticeable as physical abuse. Sexual abuse can be defined as â€Å"the employment, use, persuasion, inducement, enticement, or coercion of any child to engage in, or assist any other person to engage in, any sexually explicit conduct or simulation of such conduct for the purpose of producing a visual deception of such conduct† (Gosselin, 2009, p. 101). This type of abuse is not as much about love and intimacy, but more about power and control.Children who are sexually abused are often under the control of their attacker and have trouble finding way out of the abusive situation. Some signs to look for in children who are sexually abused are: â€Å"trouble walking or sitting; displaying knowledge or interest in sexual acts inappropriate to his/her age, or even seductive behavior; making strong efforts to avoid a specific person; not wanting to change clothes in front of others or participate in physical activities; having an STD or being pregnant; or a child running away from home† (Smith, 2013).Most children who are sexual abused are abused by someone they know and love and often times, they do not know that this type of buse is wrong. The abusers in the situation will brainwash the children and make the abuse seem normal, or they will threaten the child into submission and make them keep the abuse a secret. Sexual abuse in child ren can lead to significant psychological and physical problems for them later in life, and these children often suffer from guilt and shame throughout their life as a result of this abuse.Educational Neglect Cases of child neglect differ from cases of abuse, but only in their execution, not their outcome for the child. According to the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System â€Å"of the approximately 899,000 children in the United States who were victims of abuse and neglect in 2005, 62. 8 percent (564,765 children) suffered from neglect alone, including medical neglect† (American Humane Association, 2013). A fact that many people do not know it that educational neglect is one of the fastest growing types of child neglect and is punishable by law.This neglect is not referring to parents who cannot get their children to go to school because they run away or lies about going, this neglect is referring to the parents who do not make any effort to nroll their children in s chool or give them the mean to stay in school. This neglect can include â€Å"permitted chronic truancy, failure to enroll or other truancy, and inattention to special education need† (Gosselin, 2009, p. 98).One important aspect of this type ot neglect are the parents who tail to accept that their chil d nas an educational special need and should be placed in alternative classrooms or children who have learning disabilities. Education is important for children in their growth and development, and it is required by law that they must attend school until the age f 16 (public, private, homeschooled, or otherwise). Those parents who do not make education a part of their children lives are hurting them Just as much as if they were physically abusing or neglecting them.Education can predict the outcome of children's lives. Medical Neglect Another common form of neglect is medical neglect which can be characterized as â€Å"failing to provide any special medical treatment or mental health care need by the child† or â€Å"the withholding of medical treatment or nutrition from disabled infants with life-threatening conditions† (Gosselin, 2013, p. 99). This is a very serious form of eglect and is often seen in parents who do not take their children to the hospital or doctors when they are feeling ill or have broken bones.Some parents believe that time will heal wounds, or they think that herbal medicines can cure diseases Just as well as other medicines. There are, however, cases of parents who do not take their children to receive medical attention because they are the ones who inflicted the pain on their children. That case would turn into a form of abuse and neglect and is often seen together. Concerning medical neglect, it is important to understand that hildren need to receive yearly check-ups by doctors to get immunizations and tests done to ensure that the child is healthy.Parents who refuse to, or think they do not have the means to take the ir children to the doctors, hospital or urgent care facility are at risk for possibly killing their own children. It is seen more often in medical neglect cases that parents who did not take their children to these facilities were afraid of going to Jail because they causes the injuries to the child. Emotional Neglect Others forms of neglect include emotional and physical neglect.Emotional neglect can be categorized under circumstances including: â€Å"exposure to chronic or extreme intimate partner violence, permitting drug or alcohol use, or having a delay in psychological care† (Gosselin, 2009, p. 98). Emotional neglect to a child is one of the most painful aspects of neglect. When a parent ignores and terrorizes a child or does not want him or her anymore, they are neglecting the child and leaving him or her with emotional walls. It is not easy for children to understand why their parents are doing this, or what they did to deserve this type of punishment.If parents canno t provide their children with adequate care such as psychological help or counseling and instead are encouraging them to drink alcohol and smoke illegal substances, then these people should not be parents. Regarding emotional neglect, it is important to understand that not emotionally supporting children can make them unable to form proper relationships later in life. Physical Neglect In addition to emotional neglect, children face a great deal of physical neglect from their parents.Physical neglect accounts for the majority of cases of maltreatment Healy, 2013). Maltreatment occurs when children injure themselves or are faced with severe malnutrition as a result of a parent or caretaker. Physical neglect involves: â€Å"the failure to provide adequate food, clothing, shelter, hygiene, protection, or supervision† (Gosselin, 2009, p. 99). It can also include â€Å"child abandonment, inadequate supervision, rejection of a child leading to expulsion from the home and tailure to adequately provide tor the child's satety and physical and emotional needs† (Healy, 2013).Physical neglect is different from physical abuse because nstead of people inflicting pain on children, they are causing pain by ignoring them or not giving them everything they need to survive. These forms of neglect can harm children Just as much as the forms of abuse can, and all of them leave lasting scars. With physical neglect, parents often do not provide their children with their basic needs. Children not only need love and support, they also need food, clothing, and shelter. The main aspect lacking in child care regarding all of these forms of abuse and neglect are reporting programs and parental education.If there were more nhanced programs for people to report these forms of abuse and neglect, the statistics would most likely decrease significantly. Children do not know how to report abuse or neglect can often Just keep quiet, and the people they do report to do not always kno w the correct measures to take. It is important to educate not only our children, teachers, and the general public, but also parents. If parents were more educated in how to care for a child, or what is acceptable and not acceptable to do, these forms of abuse and neglect would also decrease.Parents who exhibit abuse or eglect on their children often claim that they did not know what they were doing was wrong and they did not think there was a problem with their forms of discipline. Everyone needs to be more educated on this topic and it is important to catch this abuse and neglect at the earliest stage possible to decrease the lasting effects on the child. Child Abuse and Neglect Child abuse is any act that endangers a child’s physical or emotional health and development. Child abuse and neglect can take place anywhere. The child often knows the abuser well a parent, relative, babysitter, or friend of the family. Child abuse and neglect crosses all ethnic, racial, social, and economic lines This book talks and expresses the examinations of child neglect in families and its relevance to research, policy and practice in the field of services to children and their families. The authors chose to explore this subject because child neglect is an over looked area of child welfare practice. Families neglect their children almost twice as frequently as they abuse their children. The four major types of maltreatment are physical abuse, neglect, sexual abuse and emotional abuse. Some states also specify substance abuse or abandonment by the caretaker as an element of abuse or neglect. Although any of the forms of child maltreatment may be found separately, they often occur in combination. The most recent statements and research indicate that 860,000 children were victims of abuse and neglect in the year 2006. The consequences of neglect to children are at least as serious as the consequences of abuse. Referring back to the article statement â€Å"In 2003 1,200 children died of abuse and neglect†. These fatalities were most often the result of neglect only. According to the article 685 of child fatalities due to maltreatment involved child neglect, as compared to 50% that involved. The focus of those working in the field like Child Protective Services, affiliated agencies that can take full custody and etc. In addition because of lack of information and investigations children are maltreatment have been on abuse, due to neglected children and their families and even fatal. It is the intention of the authors to present a comprehensive view of the current state regarding child neglect issues and to offer a rationale for directing focus to this overlooked and disregarded aspect of family relationships. It is time to refocus on these families, both to assist in healing these families and given the relationship between neglect and poverty. Author Cynthia Crosson-Tower, Ph. D My Thoughts I think child abuse is worst thing a child can experience because it scars them for life. Children should be protected and loved. Sadly, this is not lways the case, millions of children are abused every year thousands will die from the abuse. The various types of abuse and neglect are never ceasing, only growing. Just like in the article families are neglecting their children twice as much as the abuse. This very shocking and shameless. Many end up being abusers themselves, or try to kill the pain with drugs and alcohol. How many kids need to commit suicide before this count ry finally stands up and says enough. The number of children sexually abused physically abused neglected or murdered is astounding. I read couple of more articles about child abuse and online sexual predators. Whether it is physical or mental, abuse is wrong. Parents who abuse children should stop and take the time to get help because the child will suffer in the end. Many children in this world die or become emotionally unstable because of abuse in the home. Only half of the victims report the abuse to authorities or family members. After all, who will stand up for those who cannot stand up for themselves? We should all report any case of child abuse that we witness this way we can be saving lives. It is our responsibility to put an end to child abuse because child abuse is simply wrong, unethical, and should not be done.

The theme of Beowulf

The theme of Beowulf The epic poem Beowulf was written by an unknown Anglo-Saxon author in the 8th century. The theme of the epic poem, Beowulf, was the conflict between good and evil. This is conflict is demonstrated in three ways, through the expression of the fear of the dark, the nature and purpose of heroism, and the statement of the Anglo-Saxon outlook and imagination.A fear of the dark, or things that are un-Godly, is very present in the poem Beowulf. When things get frightening, there is a tendency to over exaggerate them in order to maintain a sense of dignity. The spawn of Cain conceived Grendel. This reference showed that the Anglo-Saxon's were God worshiping people who were well educated about the Bible. The story of Beowulf was not written down until it had been passed down for many generations. It is possible that out of fear people over exaggerated Grendel's countenance.English: An illustration of Beowulf fighting the d...Grendel was immune to all sorts of weapons and could only be killed with strength. The Anglo-Saxon people we afraid of Grendel and the story made Grendel sound more hideous every time it was told.Beowulf was a predestined hero. This nature and purpose of heroism is shown throughout the poem. A hero to the Anglo-Saxon people was one who did something unselfishly and for the good of others. Beowulf was a traveling "good guy". He traveled around the country fighting for the good of the people. Beowulf was the only one strong enough to overpower the grasp of Grendel. Beowulf was not fearful of Grendel. This gave Beowulf an advantage over all the rest who tried to conquer Grendel.The Anglo-Saxon's were very imaginative people. The idea of creating a story where good conquers evil is not so imaginative but creating...

Basics of DETC Accreditation for Correspondence Schools

Basics of DETC Accreditation for Correspondence Schools The Distance Education Training Council (DETC) has been accrediting correspondence schools since 1955. Today, hundreds of distance learning colleges and high schools have been granted accreditation from the DETC. Many graduates from DETC accredited schools have used their degrees to gain promotions or to continue in their studies. But, others have been disappointed to find that their degrees do not hold the same weight as diplomas from regionally accredited schools. If youre considering enrolling in a school with DETC accreditation, make sure you get the facts first. Heres what you need to know: The Good – Approved by the CHEA and USDE Both the Council for Higher Education Accreditation and the United States Department of Education recognize the DETC as a legitimate accrediting agency. The DETC has proved itself to have high standards and a thorough review process. You wont find any diploma mills here. The Bad – Trouble Transferring The biggest problem with DETC accreditation is that regionally accredited schools dont view it as their equal. While credits from regionally accredited schools may transfer to other regionally accredited schools easily, credits from DETC accredited schools are often looked upon with suspicion. Even some schools with DETC accreditation view transcripts from regionally accredited schools as superior. The Ugly – A Battle With Regionally Accredited Schools If youre planning on transferring schools or pursuing additional study, be aware that each school has its own transfer policy. Some schools may accept your DETC credits unconditionally. Some may not give you full credit. Some may reject your transcript completely. A study conducted by the DETC showed that, of the students who attempted to transfer credits to a regionally accredited school, two-thirds were accepted and one-third were rejected. The DETC blames the rejected credits in part on anti-competitive business practices in higher education. Whatever the case, be aware that rejection is very possible. A Solution – Plan Ahead If you want to make sure that your transcript from a DETC accredited school will be accepted when you transfer, make a list of potential transfer schools. Call each one and ask for a copy of their transfer policy. Another good strategy is to check out the Higher Education Transfer Alliance database. Schools in this alliance have agreed to be open to schools with any type of accreditation that is approved by the CHEA or USDE – including the Distance Education Training Council.

How to Be Successful Managers Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

How to Be Successful Managers - Research Paper Example All in all, the successful managers should embrace the strategies that will make their company to have a health growth. Further, successful managers should make use of their employees to achieve the good that come from them (Mack 3). This research will explore the management in the hotel industry. First the research endeavors to collect tangible and first hand information from Richard Moore, a manager in Big Island Hotel in Hawaii. Second, the report will explore the job openings and trends in the in the hotel industries. Third, it will reveal the job prospects in the hotel industry, experience that is required, and the credentials that are needed to join hotel industry. The report will finally give my eligibility and concerns about working in this field. Hotel industry deals with offering accommodation to people who are far away from their residence. The industries offers food, shelter, and sleep to make sure all the needs of their clients are catered for. Some of the key players in this field include resorts, casinos, and private clubs (Barrows and Powers 4). It is therefore important to have good management in this industry for client full satisfaction. To gain a deeper understanding of management in the hotel, the report interviewed Richard Moore, the manager of Hawaii Big Island Hotel. This hotel is the best performing hotel in Hawaii. Because of the extremely customer friendly services it offers, Big Island has amassed many awards and recommendation from experts and their clients. Richard Moore gives the qualities that make an effective management in the Big Island Hotel. He reveals that a managers need to search the relevant information on the current prices in the hotel market. This helps to compare with the rates of other players in the market. According to Moore, there are different sources of information where one can get the details about the rates of competitors. These include local rates of corporate, their websites, and the group rates (Mack 16). Richard informs this research that the data is crucial in hotel management because it gives a rough estimate of what clients may be willing to pay. In addition, it helps the hotel manager in setting up of rates in a level that comfortably keeps hotels in operation. Richard goes ahead to state the two ways of setting the rates. The first method is reduction in the operating expenses. According to him, this method targets to maximize income of the hotel industry. The second method focuses on generating revenues. Richard asserts that to achieve maximum revenue collection, the manager should ensure classic accommodation of their clients. Moore alludes that managers should always strive to make a lot of gains and cut the expenses (PKF Hospitality Research). Richard Moore emphasizes that managing the hotels staff is the heart of success in hotel industry. Without a good relationship between the staff and the management team the hotel business heads to doom. Richard says that the managers should not only pay attention to market rates alone. There should be a well and close-knit relationship between the top management team and the subordinates. As a way of explanation, Moore insists that managers should always be physically available and accessible. He says that distinct factions are the cause of failures in most hotel industry. Moore asserts that learning about the subordinate names, their families,

Engineering and construction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Engineering and construction - Essay Example ............................................ 30 Task 1 Laminar flow Laminar flow is a type of flow where fluids generally move at low velocity. The layers of the fluid slide by one another. There is no lateral mixing of the fluid and no formation of eddies, cross current or any swirls. Particles of the fluid move in straight line in orderly manner parallel to the boundary walls which can be seen in straight sections of pipes. It generally occurs at a Reynolds number below critical value of 2040. Turbulent flow Turbulent flow is a type of flow that occurs in large velocities characterized with the formation of eddies, swirls and other disturbances in the flow pattern. There is irregularity of flow pattern, fluctuating nature of flow, and diffusivity of particles due to rapid lateral mixing. There is a rapid change in pressure and velocity happening with respect to the space and time. The drag due to boundary layer skin friction is increasing and the overall drag often reduces due to t he changing of structure and location of boundary layers. It generally occurs at a Reynolds number greater than 2040. Uniform Flow Uniform flow occurs when the terminal velocity of the flow is reached. This phenomenon arises when the loss of potential energy in flow is equal to the work done against the channel surface friction. If flow properties are the same at every location along the channel, the flow is uniform. dy/dx = 0. The energy line, water surface and channel bottom becomes all parallel thereby creating uniform flow. So= Sf . In a uniform flow, the velocity can be expressed only as a function of time. According to Eulerian, it is described as   Non-Uniform Flow Non-uniform flow is a type of flow for fluids where the velocity and other hydrodynamic parameters at a particular instant of time is not the same at all points. Change in parameter occur both in points where flow is in the same direction and perpendicular to the direction. The perpendicular non-uniformity is enc ountered near solid boundaries where the fluid passes through. This can be explained by the no-slip condition which occurs when the viscosity tries to reduce the relative velocity of fluid to zero. Steady Flow A steady flow is a type of flow where the hydrodynamic properties of fluid do not change at particular location and time. However, this flow is restricted with space but not with time. There is a required frame of reference. For example, in a laminar flow within a sphere, the flow is kept stationary and steady with respect to the shape of the object. Using the Eulerian approach, a steady flow is described as, and Unsteady Flow An unsteady flow is a type of flow where the hydrodynamic parameters and fluid properties at a particular point changes with respect to time. Turbulent flow is generally unsteady in nature. Reynolds Number Reynolds number denoted by Re is a dimensionless number. It represents a critical quantity to determine the type of flow of fluids, whether it is lami nar or turbulent. It is a ratio of the inertial forces to the viscous forces of fluid. Laminar flow occurs at low Reynolds number while turbulent flow occurs at high Reynolds number. [4] where: = The mean velocity of the object relative to the fluid. The unit is m/s L = Characteristic linear dimension. The unit is m ? = Dynamic viscosity of the fluid. The unit is kg/(m ·s) ? = Kinematic viscosity. The unit is (m?/s) = The density of the fluid. The unit is kg/m? Bernoulli's Theorem Bernoulli's theorem states than in a flow which has no viscosity or inviscid flow, there

Mega project. Toronto, Canada Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Mega project. Toronto, Canada - Research Paper Example Historically, employment activity is conducted in the area being part of a larger precinct. It is along rail corridors designated as Employment areas in the City of Toronto Official Plan and Zoning By-law No. 438-86. The proponent submitted the application to amend the City of Toronto Official Plan to convert the industrial property in question into a residential property in June 28, 2005. The applicant asked the City Council to amend the former City of Toronto Zoning By-law No. 438-86 in order to convert the industrial property into residential. It argued that it is consistent with the Provincial Policy Statement related to employment areas and permission for conversion of lands within the designation as long as a proposal provides a comprehensive review that there is a need for conversion. The proposal argued that the â€Å"existing uses have coexisted with nearby residential uses for decades,† (Lintern, p 7). The proposal was supported in part by residents who attended a community meeting in October 24, 2005. It also proposed that the amendment will contribute to the City’s housing supply. The Office of the Director for Community Planning in Etobicoke York District disagreed and recommended for the refusal of the said proposal. Others who opposed the proposal include local industries Canada Bread, NRI Industries, St. Mary’s Cement, and Topper Linen Supply Limited. The industries mentioned argued about the possible impacts to their operations about the proposed amendment of the property into a residential one. Aside from the proposal’s failure to pass the two tests necessary as part of the Provincial Policy Statement (PPS) which should justify that the land will no longer have a role for employment purposes in the long term as well as provide enough ground for the need t convert the area into a residential one. In addition, the following were

Globalization Is A Major Driving Force Commerce Essay

Globalization Is A Major Driving Force Commerce Essay Human interaction is on pace of increasing day by day with the help of new technology. We first were comfortable interacting at local, then at national and now expanding to international level. Its not only interaction but we are expanding our business at international level. Thus the word used Globalization. Globalization is a major driving force for this change the companies in this marketplace are facing. The degree of success of these companies also varies significantly. The question arises, hence, if there is a correlation between the extent of globalization of these companies, and the success they experience in their respective operations. This study has researched this question. The globalization process involves the establishment of economic, political, social, and technological links among countries. Globalization has become todays need of each and every company. Todays small scale industries aim is globalization. In todays changing world the following are the factors that lead to globalization- The Internet The Internet has served to completely eliminate the physical barrier of distance that used to exist in regards to transmission of information. People from anywhere in the world communicates instantly with people anywhere else through the connection provided by the Internet. Governments have very difficult time restricting information within their borders because the Internet doesnt respect or acknowledge international borders. The result is information freely passing throughout the world. Certain governments fear this freedom of information and take steps to prevent it. China, for example, limits this effect by blocking certain websites within its borders. Technology: The most important tool used in todays world is technology. Its role is vital with reference to business continuity. Technology is the vital force in the modern form of business globalization. Technology has revolutionized the global economy and has become critical competitive strategy. It has globalized the world, which drive all the countries to more ethical standards. Globalization has led to new markets and information technology is one of the technologies fostered to the new market in this increasing competitive world. Technology has helped us in overcoming the major hurdles of globalization and international trade such as trade barrier, lack of common ethical standard, transportation cost and delay in information exchange, thereby changing the market place. Technology has enabled the software experts to work collaboratively over the network with companies from around the world. The technological advancement has helped a lot in creation and growth of global market. Multinational Corporations (MNC) can be seen as a central actor in globalization. Markets have become global at a rapid pace, as indicated by several kinds of trade extended to foreign countries. The innovation in host country is often undertaken by MNC based in one country and due to the technological advancement MNC(s) have expanded to other countries by some kinds of FDI also facilitating the movement of research and development. The researchers have analysed that though the technology has globalized the business but economically well developed countries have been more benefited. While technology has created many opportunities for global networks of tasks it is important to look at the friction in the system to understand the limitations. The sources of friction are many and could bring the system to its knees. Companies and countries that want to thrive in this era of globalization will seek to mitigate the abuses, while dealing with the friction. Technology is further divided into the following areas like communication technology, Economic Technology, Transport Technology. Economic Technology: Economic globalization is driven ahead by the ability of international businessmen, bankers and brokers to conduct business in ways that were never possible prior to modern technology. Trades and investments are made instantly with little regard for international borders, time of day or distance via todays technology. In addition, products that used to require shipping, and therefore import and export, such as books, CDs and movies are now digitally distributed, further leading to business globalization. Transport Technology: Improving technology has completely changed the transportation industry in the post-war world. Technology advances lead to transportation that was more readily available, more reliable, faster and more cost efficient. In the latter half of the 20th century, it became in many cases more cost efficient to ship certain products halfway across the world than to manufacture them at home. This plays a very important role in the ongoing globalization trend. Communications Technology: Communications of all kinds, even above and beyond the Internet, is another key component to globalization. Not only has communication throughout the world become possible, it has also become affordable. Long distance phone calls cost much less money, fax machines allowed people to transmit full documents even before email came along and cell phones ensure that everyone anywhere can stay in touch. This allows corporations to extend their reach at small cost across international borders, leading to increased globalization of industry. The Process of Globalization: Globalization involves the creation of linkages or interconnections between nations. It is usually understood as a process in which barriers (physical, political, economic, cultural) separating different regions of the world are reduced or removed, thereby stimulating exchanges in goods, services, money, and people. Removal of these barriers is called liberalization. As these exchanges grow, nations, and the businesses involved, become increasingly integrated and interdependent. Globalization promotes mutual reliance between countries. Globalization can have many advantages for business such as new markets, a wider choice of suppliers for goods and services, lower prices, cheaper locations for investment, and less costly labour. It can also carry dangers because dependence on foreign suppliers and markets leaves businesses vulnerable to events in foreign economies and markets outside their control. Take the examples of Spain and Italy and their dependence on foreign countries for their energy supplies; they illustrate how important the interlinkages brought about by globalization can be, and what can happen when things go wrong. Since the 1980s, natural gas has become increasingly important in Spain as a source of energy. Spain itself produces an insignificant amount of oil and coal. As a result it depends on foreign suppliers for 99% of its natural gas requirements which is growing by 15% per annum. Three quarters of its gas supply comes from three African countries, Algeria, Nigeria, and Libya. These countries are potentially unstable both politically and economically. This leaves Spains power stations and four million Spanish consumers very vulnerable to any instability with their African suppliers (see the International Atomic Energy Authority web site www.iaea.org; and Isbel). Italy is dependent on cross-border supplies of electricity from Switzerland. In 2003 major sections of the Italian economy were brought to a standstill. Let us see the impact of Globalization on in the area of renewable energy and industrial energy efficiency. Globalization of Renewable Energy In recent years, the world has seen a dynamic shift of the energy landscape in terms of consumption, which has drastically increased, and with it, the reliance on energy resources, which are terminal. In this backdrop, the necessity to use the existing resources available in the most efficient manner has gained substantial importance, as has the unavoidable necessity to develop perennial energy resources. There are a large number of companies worldwide active in this area, most of them having started their specialized activities when the topic of energy efficiency and renewability was not as fashionable as it is today. Most of these companies have been small businesses, focused in their region and specific field of operation. In these changing times, these small businesses have grown both in terms of regional coverage of operations, and diversity of portfolio of offerings. In India, and particularly in Maharashtra, there are several such companies in operation. Not only does a conducive business and production atmosphere lead to start-up and thriving activities of the entrepreneurs of these companies but also the availability of renewable energy resources (such as geothermal resources) in Maharashtra lead to the presence of such companies in this state. The presence of industry leads to a market for industrial energy efficiency solutions. The growth has, in most cases, brought along with it not only promising opportunities, but also substantial challenges. The strategic direction of the business, careful selection of portfolio elements to ensure profitability on a sustained basis, ensuring the availability of finance to fuel the growth, recruiting, orientation retraining and retaining qualified staff and operations in previously unknown markets are some of the possible challenges faced. The current trends clearly show that businesses active in this area are rapidly gaining market and investor visibility as the solutions provided by them are eagerly sought after by a wide variety of customers in a global marketplace. Globalization is a major driving force for this change the companies in this marketplace are facing. The degree of success of these companies also varies significantly. The question arises, hence, if there is a correlation between the extent of globalization of these companies, and the success they experience in their respective operations. This study has researched this question. Renewable Energy Industrial Energy Efficiency Renewable energy (RE), as stated by the International Energy Agency (IEA), is derived from natural processes that are replenished constantly. In its various forms, it derives directly from the sun, or from heat generated deep within the earth. Included in the definition is electricity and heat generated from solar, wind, ocean, hydropower, biomass, geothermal resources, and bio-fuels and hydrogen derived from renewable resources. Energy Efficiency (EE) is the use of lesser amount of energy to produce or provide an unchanged (or higher) level of output. The efforts, mechanisms and technologies used for achieving energy efficiency vary widely, ranging from energy saving lamps and improved thermal insulation in homes and buildings, to highly efficient drives and motors and industrial waste heat recovery for power and heat generation in industry. The term is referred to as Industrial Energy Efficiency (IEE) in an industrial context. According to the IEA, renewable energy resources and significant opportunities for energy efficiency exist over wide geographical areas, in contrast to other energy sources, which are concentrated in a limited number of countries. Rapid deployment of renewable energy and energy efficiency, and technological diversification of energy sources, would result in significant energy security and economic benefits Energy efficiency and renewable energy are said, in a report by the American Councils on Renewable Energy (ACORE), and for an Energy-Efficient Economy (ACEEE), to be the twin pillars of sustainable energy policy Globalization Success Globalization has come to be a very widely used term in recent decades in various realms. The most common reference is, though, made in terms of its occurrence and impact in the area of trade and business. Of the many definitions of globalization available in the public domain, the one that identifies it as a generic term for all processes of international integration arising from increasing human connectivity and interchange of worldviews, products, services, capital, ideas, and other aspects of business and culture sums it up appropriately. The significant development in digital communication, especially owing to the advent and rise of the World Wide Web, and in the transportations systems and infrastructure for both humans and goods are major enablers and drivers of globalization, leading to an increased interdependence of economic activities world-wide. Globalization of companies, as this study has attempted to capture and quantify, has several dimensions, including global presence, source of financing and capital, markets of their end products, elements of their value chain from suppliers, to research development and workforce etc. Measuring the extent of the companies globalization using these dimensions has provided an objective basis for making their data and attributes comparable with each other on a uniform scale. Success as a term does not require further elaboration. In the context of this study, though, success has been seen to have several dimensions, including the viability of a commercial enterprise, market share, shareholder value, financial performance, strategic direction and employee satisfaction, to name a few. Globalization: At the start of the 21st century there is one issue that is discussed more than almost any other. That issue is called globalization. Hardly a day goes by without globalization being mentioned by politicians, broadcasters, and newspapers. It has made its way in schools, colleges, and universities too. It can even be heard in discussions among the general public in the street, in shops or at work. It seems almost anything that happens today can be attributed to or blamed upon globalization. We all have probably heard the expression Its a small world. People have been saying it for years but now it is true. Just check out the labels on your clothes almost certainly they have been made in another part of the world. Turn on the computer and the internet will give you access to websites almost anywhere. Look at sport on television and you will see that it has a worldwide audience. So why do we now live in a small world? The answer lies with improved travel and communications which have made links with other people and countries around the world so much quicker and easier. These links have increased at such a rapid rate that we now have a new word to describe it. The word is globalization. But what exactly is globalization? Relatively few people can answer this question. This is not surprising as even the experts cannot agree on what globalization means. Making sense of globalization should be a priority for anyone concerned about the future well being of the human race and our planet. The word globalization is now so widely used that a typical internet search engine will give you over two million results! New world or new word? One of the central debates concerning globalization is the use of the word itself. Many people, including politicians mostly use this word to describe the changing nature of the world around us as we move further into the 21st century. It is used to explain changes in world politics, in the global economy, in trade and industry, in crime and terrorism, in environmental threats and solutions and also social attitudes and behavior. Others take a more critical view of globalization and say that it does not describe or explain a new word at all. To them it is simply a new buzz word for patterns and processes, such as colonization, migration and international trade that have been happening for decades or even centuries. By labeling these as globalization they argue that people are ignoring the past and the lessons it has taught us. Globalization is what we in the Third World have for several centuries called colonization. Martin Khor, Director of Third World network. Malaysia. One can be sure that virtually every one of the 2882 academic papers on globalization written in 1998 include its own definition of globalization as would each of the 589 new books on the subject published in that year. The Globalization Guide 2002. Australian Apec Study Centre. Defining the Indefinable? With so many different views on globalization, defining the term is a very difficult task. However there are some common features of most definitions, which are worth considering at an outset. Interdependency the idea that people around the world are increasingly dependent on one another. What happens in one place has an effect on people elsewhere. Interconnection the idea that we are connected to people and places that were previously distant and unknown. Shrinking of Space The idea that distances are less important. Far off places are now within reach. Speeding up of time the idea that the world is operating at an even faster pace. News, money, ideas, information and people are moving around with increasing speed. Technology the idea that technological developments, such as jet aircraft, telephones, the internet, satellite television, etc make globalization possible. Capital the idea that it is the flow of money and investments around the world that drives the globalization process. Globalization is not new, but the present era has distinctive features. Shrinking space, shrinking time, and disappearing borders are linking peoples lives more deeply, more intensely, more immediately than ever before. United Nations Human Development Report. 1999 Today, every part of the natural and human world is linked to every other. Local decisions have a global impact. United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA). The State Of The Worlds Population 2001 The world we are in: Whether we choose to use the word or not, we live in a world where globalization affects all of us. The clothes we wear, the food we eat, the television we watch, the holidays we take, the cars we travel in, the music we listen to , and the news we follow bring us into closer contact with previously distant people and places. Although many of these encounters may pass unnoticed, anyone living in the worlds more developed countries experience some form of global interaction every day. And in the less developed countries of the world, peoples lives are increasingly shaped by global forces. This means that globalization is a truly worldwide process. It directly affects each one of us and more importantly affected by us itself. New transport, communication, and information technologies intensify competition while allowing firms to spread and manage international operations more efficiently. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, World Investment Report, 2001. A Fast Moving World: Faster, faster, fasterà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.. Speed is a central element of globalization. All around us the world seems to be moving at an ever faster rate. The best example of this is the movement of information. In 2001 more information could be sent over a single cable in a second than was sent over the entire internet in a month in 1997. The speed of international communications and information flow is getting faster by the day. Technological developments, particularly in the computer and telecommunications industry are so rapid that keeping up can be a real problem. Computers bought only a few years ago can seem almost impossibly slow compared to the latest available models. People can now use their mobile phones to access the internet or have news or sports results sent to them as the events happen to them. None of this was possible just a few years ago. Indeed it seems like something from a science fiction movie as little as ten years ago. It is this rapid development that makes globalization possible. But it also raises serious concerns for those who cannot keep up with the pace of change. What happens to those who are left out of the technological revolution? This is an issue of great concern to critics of globalization. Since 1970, the speed of microprocessors has doubled every eighteen months. On the move: Some of the greatest technological developments of the past have been in transportation and this plays a vital role in globalization. From the horse drawn stagecoach to the train, from the car to the jet air craft human beings have constantly managed to shrink space by reducing journey time. Today, jet aircrafts have made international travel easier and more affordable. Business leaders can fly to their factories, partners, or clients in other cities or countries in just a few hours. This has helped production, labour forces, and markets to become increasingly international. The jet aircraft has also caused a boon in travel for personal and leisure purposes. This can be most clearly measured by the growth in international tourism an industry that many consider to be the clearest example of globalization. In 1950 there were just 25 million international arrivals (people arriving in countries all over the world). In 2000 this figure rose to 698 million which further rose to a whooping 1 billion in 2010. Improved methods of transport allow faster movement of goods around the world. For instance Kenyan companies use air freight to fly fresh flowers to Europe every night. This is so efficient that flowers can take as little as 36 hours to get from the fields in Kenya to supermarkets in Europe. Without such improvements it would have been impossible for Kenyan flower farms to compete in the European market, as their goods would have perished using more traditional transport such as ships. This is what we call international trade. Even transport by ship has speeded up, thanks to incredible engineering achievements such as the Suez Canal (connecting the Indian ocean to the Mediterranean, and onwards to the Atlantic), and the Panama Canal (connecting the Atlantic and Pacific oceans). The Panama Canal avoids the need for shipping to travel around the tip of South America saving a distance of up to 8000 nautical miles. Theses canals reduced journey time drastically and boosted international trade another central element of globalization. The creation of a water passage across Panama was one of the supreme human achievements of all time. The canal is an expression of that old and noble desire to bridge the divide, to bring people together David McCullough, The Path Between The Seas, 1977. The world wide web: The internet is often seen as the ultimate symbol of globalization. It allows us to communicate with people on the other side of the world, to do business with distant companies, and to share experiences with people we may never meet. It brings the world into our schools, homes and offices. Is the internet really as global as we think that it is known as the World Wide Web? Nonetheless it has plenty of users but it is still less than 1 in 6 of the worlds population. Most internet use is concentrated in just a few key regions and countries of the world. Around 80% of internet users live in the more developed regions that are home to just 14% of the worlds population. The vast majority of the worlds people play little or no part in this technological revolution. This has led many to say that the world wide web is more like a series of hubs with the rest of the world simply passed by. In fact this makes the internet highly appropriate as a symbol of globalization because time and again as one notices it is the same places that are included and excluded from other aspects of globalization. The question we have to learn to ask about new technology is not whether it benefits us, but whom does it benefit most? For the electronic revolution has far more to offer the largest enterprises on the planet than it does to you and me. Jerry Mander, President of International Forum on Globalisation Supporters of globalization argue that communications technology will help poorer, less developed countries to catch up with the more developed. South Asia is home to 23 percent of the worlds population, but has just 1 percent of its internet users. It will provide them with new opportunities to sell their produce, attract overseas investors, and perhaps also encourage international tourism. Critics are also concerned that the same technology also makes it easier for already wealthy economies to take advantage of the same opportunities. If this happens then the benefits may only add to the wealth of the already existing and have less developed regions still catching up. Money Matters: Globalization is most often discussed in relation to the growth of international trade. Global trading activities have grown enormously over the past few decades because it has become so much easier to move capital and goods from one country to another. Companies and investors can make decisions and transfer goods from once country to another at the touch of a button. The growth of international trade has been equally impressive, with merchandise (raw materials and manufactured goods) trade increasing twenty fold between 1948 and 2000. Trade in a more deregulated environment lowers the income share of the poor, whereas trade in a more regulated environment raises the share of the poor. Christian E. Weller and Adam Hersh, The Long and Short of it: Global Liberalization Poverty And Inequality Economic Policy Institute. Washington DC, USA, 2002 Technological developments such as the internet and improved methods of transport help make this possible, but there is another important factor. This is known as the opening up of economies to greater trade. This simply opening up means that government removes barriers to international trade, making it easier for foreign companies to invest in and trade with their economies. The idea behind this so called free trade system is to allow companies and individuals to choose more freely where to locate or conduct business. While doing so, they are able to choose lower cost opportunities and maximize their profits. These higher profits can then be reinvested in further projects which in turn will lead to even greater benefits and the cycle moves on. Supporters of globalization believe that by encouraging economies to open up for free trade system it will create more jobs and lead to greater wealth for all. However opponents of free trade system argue that job insecurity and poverty have both increased because of free trade and that it is often the poorest that have been hardest hit. Openness to international market forces and competition is expected to allow developing countries to alter both the pace and the pattern of their participation in international trade to catch up with industrial countries. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) Trade and Development Report, 2002. International hotspots a select few: Critics of globalization point out that trade and investment are usually limited to a few international hot spots. This can be easily noticed in the distribution of investments in trade and industry around the world, using a measure FDI. Using FDI, we can see that the critics have a good point. Just three regions, the USA, the European Union, and Japan dominate FDI. Between 2008 and 2010, they account for 85% of outgoing investment and 75% of incoming investment. These figures clearly show that majority of the worlds FDI takes place in these 3 regions. This trend has led to them being called the global triad. Critics argue that as long as the triad continues to dominate international investment, less developed countries will find it very difficult à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ to? The geographical structure of FDI has become far more complex in recent years, a further indication of increased interconnectedness within the global economy Peter Dicken, Global Shift: Transforming the World Economy, 1998. Supporters of globalization point out that, although still dominated by the triad, the broader patterns of FDI are changing. FDI in developing countries has increase 12 times since 2000. However this increase is unevenly shared and has benefited only a select few countries. Most notable among these is China. It has been the most favored destination for FDI outside the global triad. The main reason for this is because of its good infrastructure, cheap and plentiful labor supply, and low taxes. In 2001, developing countries accounted for just 27.9% of FDI, of which over a third went to china and Hong kong alone. The countries of middle- east and Africa attract relatively low FDI accounting a meager 1% share in global FDI. Several countries have attempted to attract FDI and boost trade by setting up Special Economic Zones or Free Trade Zones. Today there are over 850 EPZ across several countries employing 27 million people worldwide. An EPZ is an area where in which foreign companies are invited to locate their factories and conduct business. In return for their investment, the host government removes import and export tariffs for several years. The hope is that as companies become established in the EPZ they will choose to make further investments. In 1998 China had 124 EPZS employing an estimated 18 million people more than in any other country. In Sri Lankas EPZs investing companies are allowed to operate tax free for ten years. For the investors, free trade zones are a sort of corporate club Med, where the hotel pays for everything, and the guests live free, and where integration with the local culture and economy is kept to a bare minimum. Naomi Klein, No Logo, 2000. Critics feel that EPZs represent one of the worst sides of globalization. They see them as parasites, taking what they need from the host economy for their own benefit, giving little or nothing in return. The EPZ ends up as an enclave, isolated from the rest of the country. Worse, still investors have no loyalty- they would quickly relocate their business to a competing EPZ if it offered them greater opportunities. In this way investors have been likened to tourists, moving to different resorts as it suits them best. Their ability to shop around for the best deals can even force governments to lower wages or other standards such as health and safety or environmental regulations in order to secure their investment. So why do governments go to such lengths? They hope that by opening their economies, creating EPZs and encouraging FDI, they can share in the wealth and prosperity promised by globalization. But many see this as a false hope, suggesting that following such a path only allow s the rich to become richer and makes the poor still poorer. Whatever the truth is, it is clear that money matters a great deal and that the corporations who control this money have a great power in a globalised world. Corporations The Global Giants: In a globalised world the true rulers are the corporations. But these are not just ordinary corporations. These are enormous business enterprises many with sales that are worth more than the economies of whole countries. In 2001, General Motors sale was higher than the national income of both Denmark and Norway and almost 25 times greater than the national income of Jamaica. On a broader scale the ten largest global corporations had sales of US $ 1198 billion which is more than the combined GDP of sub Saharan Africa and South Asia which together are home to one third of the worlds population. So how have these corporations become so large and wealthy? The key to their success is that they produce and sell their products and services internationally. They are called Trans National Corporations (TNC) or